再论无机生油假说及中国找油前景

发布时间：2018-04-29 06:01

本文选题：石油普查 + 无机生油　；参考：《中国地质》2017年03期

【摘要】：新中国成立后石油勘探的第一个成功范例是1958年大庆油田的发现和开发。相应的概念上的创新是颠覆了只有海相地层才能找到大油田,确立陆相地层中同样可以找到大油田。普查勘探方法上的革新是采用了先进的地球物理方法开展战略性大面积普查,不再局限于几个地表有油苗的山前盆地进行工作。寻找石油资源急需开辟一个新的领域。其特点是普查勘探的对象不局限于地壳,还要拓宽到研究岩石圈。思想上的创新是要摒弃海相生油和陆相生油等陈旧生油理论,确立地幔生油的新思维。根据物理学热力学理论,甲烷是唯一一种在标准温压条件下稳定的碳氢化合物,直链烷属烃只有在压力3 MPa温度700°C时(相当于地下深度约100 km)才有可能形成。因此,海相生油理论和陆相生油理论都不靠谱,在地表赋存的不论是海相地层还是陆相地层内都不能生油,油气是地幔内(软流圈)无机生成,然后运移到海相盆地或陆相盆地中聚集成藏的。海相油田或陆相油田是储存的条件不同,但不是生成油田的机制不同。地球物理对寻找幔内生油区有独特的作用,许多石油地质学家认为,地球物理揭示的岩石圈内的低速低阻层与深藏油层有密切的关联。并且我们发现,在已开发的油田下方往往有软流圈物质的积聚。这些软流圈物质常常富有强烈的活动性,它们可以穿透覆盖在它们上面的地幔物质来到壳幔边界,在地幔中形成一个蘑菇云状的构造。这为开辟找石油的深层源头找到了捷径。根据中国地震层析资料探测得到的地幔内存在的低速带,以及区域地质背景条件,笔者提出中国3片找油最有远景的地区,即东亚西太平洋裂谷区、东特提斯地幔隆升区以及新疆深断裂分布地区:(1)东亚西太平洋低速带是在中新生代时,东亚大陆边缘岩石圈裂变所形成。它包括深浅、范围、形态各不相同的3个带。从西向东依次为:松辽—华北—东南沿海陆内裂谷带;日本海—黄海—东海—南海东亚边缘海裂谷带,以及四国海盆—帕里西维拉海盆—巴布亚新几内亚洋内裂谷带(2)东特提斯隆升区是指中国西南的兰坪盆地、思茅盆地、楚雄盆地为中心的一个地区,它们原本与当今最富油气的中东地区同属一个构造带,约在5 Ma时由于印度板块的向北挺进,青藏高原隆升,在这一地区的构造受到前所未有的破坏,但仍有残余下来可能含油气地区。(3)新疆地区由于受到印度地块的挤压,形成一系列背型和向型构造。深藏油气只能从切割它们的深大断裂中溢流到地表。笔者根据卫星重力资料,提出巴彦敖包—西宁不连续带;淖毛湖—茫崖不连续带;于田—克里雅河不连续带和阿拉木图—塔什库尔干不连续带等4条不连续带。它们都可能是深层石油上升的通道,希望能引起找油专家们关注。
[Abstract]:The first successful example of petroleum exploration after the founding of new China is the discovery and development of the Daqing oil field in 1958. The conceptual innovation is to subvert only marine strata to find large oil fields and to establish large oil fields in continental strata. The innovation of the method of survey exploration is to use advanced geophysical methods to carry out the exploration method. The strategic large area census is no longer limited to the work of several mountain front basins with oil seedlings. The search for oil resources is in urgent need of a new field. Its characteristics are that the object of the survey is not confined to the earth's crust, but also to the study of the lithosphere. The innovation of the thought is to abandon the old theory of oil raw and terrestrial oil. In accordance with the theory of physical thermodynamics, methane is the only kind of hydrocarbon stable under the standard temperature and pressure conditions. The alkane is only possible when the pressure is 3 MPa C (equivalent to about 100 km underground). Therefore, the theory of marine oil generation and the theory of terrestrial oil are not reliable. It can not produce oil in marine and continental strata, and the oil and gas are inorganic formation in the mantle (asthenosphere), and then migrate into the marine basin or continental basin to accumulate. The marine or continental oil fields are different in storage conditions, but not in the formation of oil fields. It is unique that many petroleum geologists believe that the low velocity, low resistance layer within the lithosphere revealed by geophysics is closely related to the deep reservoir. And we find that there are often the accumulation of the asthenosphere material under the developed oil fields. These soft ring substances are often rich in activity, and they can penetrate into it. The mantle material above the mantle comes to the crust and mantle boundary and forms a mushroom cloud structure in the mantle. This has found a shortcut to open up the deep source of oil search. According to the seismic tomography data of China, the low velocity zone in the mantle and the regional geological background conditions have been found, and the authors put forward 3 areas with the most prospect for oil exploration in China, that is, The East Asian Western Pacific Rift area, the East Tethys mantle uplift area and the Xinjiang deep fault distribution area: (1) the East Asia Western Pacific low velocity zone is formed during the Mesozoic Cenozoic, the lithosphere fission of the continental margin of East Asia. It includes the depth, the range, and the different morphology of the 3 zones. Valley belt, Japan Sea - the Yellow Sea - East China Sea - South China Sea rift zone, and the four nation Sea Basin - Parisi Vera basin - Papua New Guinea ocean inner rift zone (2) Don Teti Sloan liter area refers to the Lanping basin in southwestern China, the Simao basin and the Chuxiong basin as the center, which were originally in the Middle East of the most rich oil and gas. The region belongs to a tectonic belt, about 5 Ma, due to the northward advance of the India plate and the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the structure of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau has been destroyed unprecedentedly, but there is still a residual oil and gas bearing region. (3) the Xinjiang region formed a series of back and direction structures due to the extrusion of the India massif. According to the satellite gravity data, the author puts forward 4 discontinuous belts of Bayan OBO - Xining, Nao Mao Lake - manmana, the discontinuous belt of Yutian River and the discontinuous zone of Almaty - tash and reservoir. All of them may be the channels of deep oil rising. Oil seeking experts are concerned.

【作者单位】：中国地质调查局发展研究中心;中国石油新疆油田分公司;中国地质科学院地质研究所;
【基金】：中国地质调查局“主要地质单元区域地质调查与片区总结”(1212011120115)项目资助成果~~
【分类号】：P618.13

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