重油掺炼生物油的性质变化及其反应性能的研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 03:00

本文选题：废弃生物油 + 重油　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油资源具有不可再生性,石油的低储量、高消费形势使石油资源的短缺问题日益严重。如果将地沟油、牛脂油等废弃生物油掺入到重油催化裂化原料中掺炼,既可为废弃油脂的处理开辟合理的路径,又能缓解石油催化裂化原料短缺的问题,具有很好的经济和环境效益。本论文将地沟油、牛脂油等生物油掺入到70%蜡油+30%减压渣油和90%蜡油+10%回炼物料组合催化原料及常压渣油中,对比考察重油催化原料掺入生物油前后的性质变化。研究结果表明,重油组合催化料掺入生物油后,密度、黏度、残炭、金属含量、硫氮含量均降低,饱和分明显增大,混合油料的总体性质变好,生物油的掺入比例越大,油料性质的变化越明显。石蜡基苏丹常压渣油和环烷基的绥中36-1常压渣油掺入15%的生物油后,不同属性常压渣油的物性均有明显改善。利用实验室固定流化床催化反应装置,考察生物油、组合催化原料、苏丹和绥中36-1常压渣油及混合原料在不同反应温度下的催化裂化反应性能。结果表明,两种生物油均具有较好的裂化反应性能,转化率可达96.0%以上,且地沟油的转化率和产物分布优于牛脂油。生物油中的氧元素主要以CO、CO2、H2O的形式从反应体系脱除,液体产物中不含醇类、脂类、醛类和酸类等含氧化合物。在重油组合催化原料中掺炼一定比例生物油后,重油催化料的裂化反应性能有明显改善,汽油收率增加,转化率提高,产品分布更理想。与相同反应条件下的纯蜡油掺炼生物油的反应结果比较,重油掺炼生物油的汽油收率和转化率虽有所降低,但仍能获得较高的轻油收率。在常压渣油中掺炼一定比例生物油后,常压渣油的裂化反应性能也有明显改善,汽油收率和液收率增加,转化率提高。常压渣油掺炼一定比例地沟油和牛脂油的反应结果相近,苏丹常压渣油掺炼生物油的效果优于绥中36-1常压渣油。并且,两种高酸的常渣馏分利用催化裂化加工的脱酸效果良好,石油酸脱除率可达99.0%左右。即使掺炼高酸值的地沟油和牛脂油,石油酸和脂肪酸的脱除率仍然可达99.0%以上,催化裂化工艺是加工高酸油及生物油的有效手段。
[Abstract]:Oil resources are non-renewable. The shortage of petroleum resources is becoming more and more serious due to the low oil reserves and high consumption. If waste biological oil such as gutter oil, cow fat oil and so on are mixed into the feedstock of heavy oil catalytic cracking, it can not only open up a reasonable path for the treatment of waste oil, but also alleviate the problem of shortage of petroleum catalytic cracking feedstock. It has good economic and environmental benefits. In this paper, biological oils such as gutter oil and cow fat oil were mixed into 70% waxy oil 30% vacuum residuum and 90% wax oil 10% remelting material combined catalytic feedstock and atmospheric residual oil. The properties of heavy oil catalytic feedstock before and after the addition of bio-oil were compared and investigated. The results show that the density, viscosity, residual carbon, metal content, sulfur and nitrogen content are all decreased, the saturation fraction is obviously increased, the overall properties of the mixed oil is improved, and the proportion of bio-oil is increased. The change of oil properties is more obvious. The physical properties of atmospheric residuum with different properties were obviously improved after 15% bio-oil was added into paraffin-based Sudan atmospheric residuum and naphthenic Suizhong 36-1 atmospheric residuum. The catalytic cracking performance of bio-oil, combined catalytic feedstock, Sudan and Suizhong 36-1 atmospheric pressure residuum and mixed feedstock at different reaction temperatures were investigated by using a fixed fluidized bed catalytic reactor in the laboratory. The results showed that the two kinds of bio-oil had better cracking performance, the conversion rate was over 96.0%, and the conversion and product distribution of gutter oil was better than that of bovine fat oil. The oxygen elements in bio-oil are mainly removed from the reaction system in the form of CO-CO2H _ 2O, and the liquid products contain no oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, lipids, aldehydes and acids. After blending a certain proportion of bio-oil in the heavy oil combination catalytic feedstock, the cracking reaction performance of the heavy oil catalytic feedstock was obviously improved, the gasoline yield was increased, the conversion rate was increased, and the product distribution was more ideal. Compared with the reaction results of pure waxy oil mixed with bio-oil under the same reaction conditions, the gasoline yield and conversion rate of bio-oil mixed with heavy oil decreased, but the yield of light oil was still higher. After adding a certain proportion of bio-oil into atmospheric residue, the cracking reaction performance of atmospheric residue was improved obviously, the gasoline yield and liquid yield increased, and the conversion rate increased. The reaction results of mixing a certain proportion of gutter oil and cow fat oil with atmospheric residuum are similar, and the effect of mixing bio-oil with Sudan atmospheric residuum is better than that of Suizhong 36-1 atmospheric residue oil. In addition, two kinds of high acid constant residue fractions have good deacidification effect by catalytic cracking process, and the removal rate of petroleum acid can reach about 99.0%. The removal rate of petroleum acid and fatty acid is still over 99.0% even when mixed with high acid value gutter oil and cow fat oil. Catalytic cracking process is an effective method for processing high acid oil and bio-oil.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE621;TK6

【参考文献】