极端状况下游梁式抽油机的劣化分析与研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 22:02

本文选题：游梁式抽油机 + 劣化　；参考：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：游梁式抽油机是我国油田生产中最常见的设备,因其结构简单、操作方便、制造容易、使用寿命长、适应不同工况而被广泛应用。为降低能耗、提高平衡性性与稳定性等,生产厂家对游梁式抽油机进行改造,并研发出新机型。但在应用中,这些新机型却暴露出可靠性差、故障率高、零部件易损坏等各种问题,严重影响油田正常生产。本文结合油田生产中游梁式抽油机出现的破坏问题,从它的类型、结构、原理及作业环境入手,分析其劣化、故障的机理,并建立了该设备的故障树。根据严重程度对常见故障进行了等级划分,并将致命故障中的驴头和可调配重体掉落这两种极端状况的劣化作为本文的研究重点。运用HyperMesh软件,对在UG环境下建好的游梁式抽油机三维模型进行网格划分,并建立其合理的有限元模型。在ADAMS软件中实现了游梁式抽油机的多体动力学系统,其动力学分析的结果与实际抽油机出现的劣化和故障等问题相符合。借助非线性有限元理论,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,模拟了驴头的跌落过程,建立了驴头和可调配重体掉落两种极端状况下的游梁式抽油机劣化仿真系统。求解该系统的K文件并运用LS-PREPOST对其仿真结果进行后处理。其结果符合能量守恒定律,仿真模拟正确。实现了游梁式抽油机自身部件的接触碰撞,确定了该设备出现危险的部位,直观的显现两种极端状况下的故障型劣化给该设备带来的破坏性及后果。通过对比分析和研究两种极端状况下的故障型劣化给游梁式抽油机自身带来的破坏,得出驴头的掉落给抽油机自身带来的破坏性更大。针对游梁式抽油机劣化这一问题,提出有效的预防措施,降低故障率,避免突发故障型劣化的发生,提高社会和经济效益。同时,对关键部件进行结构改进和优化设计。为今后游梁式抽油机的全尺寸检测、结构改进及优化设计提供一定的依据和重要的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Beam pumping unit is the most common equipment in oil field production in China. It is widely used because of its simple structure, convenient operation, easy manufacture, long service life and adaptability to different working conditions. In order to reduce the energy consumption and improve the balance and stability, the manufacturer modified the beam pumping unit and developed a new model. However, in application, these new models have exposed many problems, such as poor reliability, high failure rate and easy damage of parts, which seriously affect the normal production of oil fields. Based on the damage problem of beam pumping unit in the middle reaches of oil field, this paper analyzes its deterioration and failure mechanism from its type, structure, principle and working environment, and establishes the fault tree of the equipment. The common faults are classified according to the severity, and the deterioration of the two extreme conditions of donkey head and adjustable counterweight fall in the fatal fault is considered as the focus of this paper. Using HyperMesh software, the three-dimensional model of beam pumping unit built in UG environment is meshed, and its reasonable finite element model is established. The multi-body dynamics system of beam pumping unit is realized in ADAMS software. The results of dynamic analysis are in agreement with the problems of deterioration and failure of actual pumping unit. With the help of nonlinear finite element theory and ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the dropping process of donkey head is simulated, and the simulation system of beam pumping unit deterioration is established under two extreme conditions: donkey head and adjustable counterweight drop. The K file of the system is solved and the simulation results are processed by LS-PREPOST. The results are in accordance with the law of conservation of energy and the simulation is correct. The contact collision of the components of the beam pumping unit is realized, the dangerous position of the equipment is determined, and the damage and consequence of the equipment caused by the deterioration of the fault type under two extreme conditions are shown intuitively. Through the comparative analysis and study on the damage of the beam pumping unit caused by the failure deterioration under two extreme conditions, it is concluded that the drop of the donkey head brings more damage to the pumping unit itself. In view of the problem of beam pumping unit deterioration, effective preventive measures are put forward to reduce the failure rate, to avoid the sudden failure deterioration, and to improve the social and economic benefits. At the same time, the key components are improved and optimized. It provides a certain basis and important reference value for the full size inspection, structure improvement and optimization design of beam pumping units in the future.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.1

【参考文献】