高温下高盐油田污水脱盐处理阻垢技术的研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 09:42

本文选题：高盐废水 + 高温阻垢　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：油田用水结垢一直以来是一个很难避免的问题,严重的结垢现象会大幅增加油田生产过程中开发的成本。本文针对胜利油田大部分富余污水盐度高(含盐质量分数1%-4%)、有机成分复杂(含有大量石油烃类和各种化学助剂)的特点,开展高盐油田污水脱盐处理预除硬阻垢技术研究工作,优选出在高温条件下能保持较高阻垢效率的高性价比的阻垢剂,有效控制机械压缩蒸发脱盐工艺处理高盐油田污水设备中的结垢问题,延长设备使用寿命,为高盐油田污水的资源化回用提供技术支持。本文在采用化学分析和仪器分析法分析高盐油田污水的化学组成和钙镁含量的基础上,采用碳酸钙结垢趋势预测中的Davis-Stiff饱和指数法和Ryznar稳定指数法对新疆油田含油污水的结垢趋势和垢盐组成进行预测,为高效阻垢剂的筛选提供理论指导。然后根据高盐油田污水的水质特点,对市场上常用的商品化阻垢剂进行筛选,选择在机械压缩蒸发脱盐工艺处理高盐油田污水中有应用潜力的阻垢剂产品,采用国家标准静态阻垢法进行阻垢剂的性能评价与阻垢剂的优选,优选出高性价比的阻垢剂。并通过改变加热温度、加热时间和阻垢剂的投加量等条件,研究加热温度、加热时间和阻垢剂的投加量对优选出的阻垢剂阻垢效果的影响情况,确定出阻垢剂的最佳应用条件和参数。同时采用化学分析方法和现代分析仪器(如扫描电镜、和X-射线能谱仪等)通过分析阻垢剂的增溶作用、垢样的形貌、垢样的粒度分布和垢样的晶相组成等,探讨阻垢剂的阻垢机理。此外,本文还对石膏晶种添加法阻垢进行了初步的研究。结果表明,所采用的新疆油田含油污水在80℃和100℃的温度下具有结垢的趋势,且100℃时有更加严重的结垢趋势。对六种常用阻垢剂进行筛选研究发现,阻垢剂SQ-1211在高温条件下明显具有更好地阻垢效果。对新疆油田含油污水,阻垢缓蚀剂SQ 1211投加量10 mg/L时,80℃时阻垢率高达91%。对模拟高盐废水的阻垢实验表明,在钙离子浓度高达1600 mg/L的情况下,阻垢缓蚀剂SQ 1211的最佳投加量为11 mg/L,在80℃、pH=8时,阻垢率可达90.7%。此外,阻垢剂的投加在高温的条件下可有效的减缓阻垢过程。当高盐废水中加入阻垢缓蚀剂SQ 1211以后,由于阻垢剂吸附到碳酸钙垢晶体表面的活性增长点上,干扰了晶体的正常成核与生长,导致其晶格发生畸变,使霰石成为了碳酸钙垢晶体的主要晶型。与方解石相比,霰石的分散性更高,更加的不稳定,所以形成的水垢更容易溶解在水中被水流带走,从而起到阻垢的效果。采用石膏晶种添加法,对模拟新疆油田含油污水在高温蒸发过程中成垢离子结晶的影响实验表明,当无水硫酸钙的晶种投加量为10h/L,停留时间10 h时,在静态和动态蒸发的过程中所得的晶种体积均最大,能起到最好的阻垢效果。
[Abstract]:Water scaling in oil fields has been a difficult problem to be avoided. Serious scaling will greatly increase the cost of development in the production process of oil fields. In this paper, the high salinity (1%-4%) of most of the surplus sewage in Shengli Oilfield, with the complex organic components (containing a large number of petroleum hydrocarbons and various chemical additives), has been carried out high. The research work of desalting and desalting treatment in salt oil field is used to optimize the scale inhibitor which can maintain high efficiency of scale inhibition under high temperature conditions, effectively control the scale problem of mechanical compression evaporation and desalination process in the sewage equipment of high salt oil field, prolong the service life of the equipment, and reuse the sewage in the high salt oil field. On the basis of chemical analysis and instrument analysis, the chemical composition and calcium and magnesium content of high salt oil field sewage are analyzed. The scaling trend and scale salt composition of oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield are predicted by using the Davis-Stiff saturation index method and the Ryznar stability index method. The filtration of the scale inhibitor provides theoretical guidance. Then, according to the characteristics of the water quality of the high salt oilfield, the commercialized scale inhibitor in the market is screened and the scale inhibitor product has the potential application potential in the wastewater treatment of high salt oil field with the mechanical compression evaporation desalination process. The performance evaluation of the scale inhibitor is carried out by the national standard static scale inhibition method. With the optimization of scale inhibitor, the scale inhibitor with high performance price ratio is selected, and the influence of heating temperature, heating time and dosage of scale inhibitor on the scale inhibition effect of the optimized scale inhibitor is studied by changing the heating temperature, heating time and the dosage of scale inhibitor, and the optimum application conditions and parameters of the scale inhibitor are determined. Chemical analysis methods and modern analytical instruments (such as scanning electron microscopy, and X- ray spectrometers) have discussed the scale inhibition mechanism of scale inhibitors by analyzing the solubilization of scale inhibitors, the morphology of scale samples, the size distribution of scale samples and the crystalline phase composition of scale samples. In addition, the scale inhibition of Shi Gaojing addition method was also studied in this paper. The results showed that The oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield has a trend of scaling at 80 and 100 C, and there is a more serious scaling trend at 100 C. The screening of six commonly used scale inhibitors has found that the scale inhibitor SQ-1211 has a better scale inhibition effect under the high temperature condition. The oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield and the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 When the dosage was 10 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate was up to 91%. at 80 C, and the scale inhibition experiment of simulated high salt wastewater showed that the optimum dosage of the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 was 11 mg/L when the calcium ion concentration was up to 1600 mg/L, and the scale inhibition rate could reach 90.7%. at 80 and pH=8, and the scale inhibitor could effectively slow down the scale inhibition under the condition of high temperature. After adding the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 to the high salt wastewater, as the scale inhibitor adsorbed the active growth point on the surface of the calcium carbonate scale, it interfered the normal nucleation and growth of the crystal, resulting in the lattice distortion and made aragonite as the main crystal of calcium carbonate crystals. Compared with calcite, the dispersion of aragonite is higher and more than that of calcite. It is not stable, so the formation of the scale is more easily dissolved in water and is taken away by water, thus the effect of scale inhibition. The effect of the gypsum crystal seed addition method on the crystallization of the scale ion of the simulated Xinjiang oilfield oily wastewater during the high temperature evaporation process shows that when the dosage of the crystal seed of the anhydrous calcium sulphate is 10h/L and the residence time is 10 h, it is static. The volume of crystal seeds obtained during dynamic and dynamic evaporation is the largest, and the best scale inhibition effect can be achieved.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X741

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