大庆油田油藏微生物分子生态学研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 20:58

  本文选题：微生物驱油 + 分子生态学　； 参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：微生物提高原油采收率技术(MEOR),是世界上应用于油田采油的一种第三次采油方法,目前已成为一种重要并迅速发展的采油技术,它利用微生物自身的有益活动或其代谢物,提高剩余油采收率。随着这项技术的发展,人们已经从各大油藏中分离得到多种具有一定驱油效果的驱油菌株。但是,由于自然界中可培养的微生物种类在总菌群数量中只占有及其微小的部分,这就使得传统的分离培养技术只能反映很少量的所检测的油藏微生物的菌群特征。近年来随着微生物分子生态学迅速发展,尤其是基于16S r DNA克隆文库、实时荧光原位杂交及DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)等技术手段的不断完善及发展,微生物分子生态技术已广泛应用到油藏微生物群落结构和种群动态研究中。微生物群落结构和功能的解析,以及群落的变化得到了充分的研究。使人们更加全面、客观、准确且及时的认识油藏微生物生物群落结构和种群动态变化规律,可以从分子水平上揭示油藏微生物的多样性,促进对油藏微生物多样性的认识,并深刻影响微生物采油的应用方向。本研究利用基因克隆文库的方法分析了大庆油田聚驱后油藏(采油三厂和采油四厂)、低渗透油藏(采油十厂)典型区块采出液微生物菌群结构特征。分别构建了这些区块细菌和古菌的16Sr DNA基因克隆文库,并利用NCBI数据库进行序列比对分析和MEGA5.1进行系统进化分析。结果表明,采油三厂优势细菌菌属为Uncultured bacterium clone,占总菌群的82%。优势古菌菌属为来源于高热温泉环境,对地下高温环境具有很强的适应性的Crenarchaeotal sp.,占总菌群的36%。采油四厂细菌优势细菌菌属为Uncultured bacterium,占总菌群的60.5%之间。优势古菌菌属为Uncultured bacterium,占总菌群的34%。采油十厂优势细菌菌属为具有降解乙腈,降解4-氯酚等特性Acinetobacter sp.,占43.5%。优势古菌菌属为源于碱性土壤环境,具有产氢及纤维素酶等作用的Pantoea sp.,占总菌群的57.75%。在本文中,利用16Sr DNA基因克隆文库分析了油藏中微生物的群落组成以及优势种群,分析主要的采油功能菌,为微生物提高原油采收率(MEOR)菌群的选择提供指导。同时这些微生物分子生态学技术的应用为确定油藏微生物提高原油采收率技术的可行性,以及进一步指导微生物驱油过程中菌种的配伍、开发和应用。进而优化微生物微生物提高原油采收率技术提供了可靠的依据。
[Abstract]:Microbial enhanced oil recovery technology is the third oil recovery method applied in the world. It has become an important and rapidly developing oil recovery technology, which makes use of the beneficial activities of microorganisms or their metabolites. Increase residual oil recovery. With the development of this technology, many oil displacement strains have been isolated from various oil reservoirs. However, due to the fact that the culturable microorganism in nature only occupies an extremely small part of the total microbial population, the traditional isolation and culture techniques can only reflect the microflora characteristics of a very small number of tested reservoir microbes. In recent years, with the rapid development of microbial molecular ecology, especially based on 16s r DNA clone library, real-time fluorescence in situ hybridization and DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), etc. Microbial molecular ecology technology has been widely used in the study of microbial community structure and population dynamics. The analysis of microbial community structure and function, as well as the community changes have been fully studied. In order to make people more comprehensive, objective, accurate and timely to understand reservoir microbial community structure and population dynamic changes, we can reveal the reservoir microbial diversity from the molecular level, promote the understanding of reservoir microbial diversity. The application direction of microbial oil recovery is deeply influenced. In this study, the microflora structure of recovery fluid in typical areas of Daqing oil field after polymer flooding was analyzed by using gene clone library (three oil recovery plants and four oil recovery plants) and low permeability reservoirs (oil recovery tenth plant). The 16Sr DNA gene cloning libraries of these blocks of bacteria and archaea were constructed, and the sequence alignment analysis and MEGA5.1 phylogenetic analysis were carried out using NCBI database. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the third plant were Uncultured bacterium clone, which accounted for 822% of the total flora. The dominant genus of Palaeomycetes is Crenarchaeotal sp., which comes from the high hot spring environment and has strong adaptability to the underground high temperature environment, and accounts for 36% of the total flora. The dominant bacteria in the fourth plant are Uncultured bacteria, which account for 60.5% of the total bacteria. The dominant ancient bacteria are Uncultured bacteria, which account for 34% of the total flora. The dominant bacteria in the tenth oil recovery plant were Acinetobacter sp., which had the characteristics of acetonitrile degradation and 4-chlorophenol degradation, accounting for 43.555%. The dominant palaeomycetes are Pantoea sp., which originated from alkaline soil environment and has the functions of hydrogen production and cellulase, accounting for 57.75% of the total flora. In this paper, the 16Sr DNA gene clone library was used to analyze the community composition and dominant population of microbes in the reservoir, and the main oil recovery functional bacteria were analyzed to provide guidance for the selection of microbial communities to improve oil recovery. At the same time, the application of these microbial molecular ecology techniques is to determine the feasibility of reservoir microbial oil recovery technology and to further guide the compatibility, development and application of microbial species in the oil displacement process. The optimization of microorganism to improve oil recovery technology provides a reliable basis.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.9;Q938

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本文编号：1870885