中小型不锈钢LNG设备开发与结构安全性的研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 16:44

本文选题：储罐 + 冷损失　；参考：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：液化天然气(LNG)技术使得天然气得以液态形式存在,不仅方便了天然气的运输和储存,而且有力的促进的天然气贸易,推动了天然气应用的发展。近几十年来液化天然气工业已经成为一门新兴工业,得到了迅猛发展。LNG应用技术除了用来解决天然气储存运输问题外,还广泛应用于供气调峰、交通运输和冷能利用等方面。LNG储罐是LNG工业链中的一种单元设备,但是由于它不仅是链接上游生产和下游用户的重要设备,而且储罐对于液化工厂或接收站来说,占有很高的投资比例,因而世界各国都非常重视LNG储罐的设计和建造。论文在详细分析LNG各项特性的基础上,根据各类材料的价格以及其低温特性经过综合比较,以及借鉴国内最新的小型不锈钢LNG储罐内罐设计选择了国内自主生产的牌号为0Cr18Ni9的不锈钢。在实现能够保证储罐各项力学性能稳定和安全的前提下,利用国内自主生产的材料可以减少一定成本,使该储罐的成本大大降低,而且又为买方提供了更大的利润空间。由于外罐没有直接与液化天然气接触,不承受低温,在常温和真空条件下工作,承受着外压,所以可以选用综合性能较好的Q345R。在本次设计中,LNG储罐的绝热采用真空粉末绝热,内罐的支撑采用底部支撑加横向定位支撑的结构,支撑结构采用加玻璃钢柱的方式来减少漏热,内容器的补强采用厚壁接管补强,外容器的补强采用整体补强。整个储罐无需另行设计补强圈补强。为了使内罐在进行氦检漏时不会发生失稳失效,在内容器上每300mm设置一个加强圈。内容器外压校核证明这种方法能在不增加容器壁厚的情况下,有效的保证容器的安全。LNG储罐的管道集中布置在罐体的一端,且在夹层中的管道设计成S形,以达到优化管路设计的目的。总而言之,在对储罐的结构设计及理论分析后计算,该LNG储罐内罐符合设计要求且保证了强度和稳定性。在能够实现保证储罐各项力学性能稳定和安全的前提下,选择适合本次设计LNG储罐最有利的结构形式和材料不仅保证了储罐的安全性还实现了其经济性。
[Abstract]:Liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology allows the existence of natural gas in liquid form, which not only facilitates the transportation and storage of natural gas, but also promotes the trade of natural gas and promotes the development of natural gas application. In recent decades, liquefied natural gas industry has become a new industry, with rapid development. LNG application technology has been used to solve the problem of storage and transportation of natural gas, but also widely used in peak-shaving of gas supply. Transportation and cold energy utilization. LNG storage tank is a unit equipment in LNG industrial chain, but because it is not only an important equipment to link upstream production and downstream users, but also storage tank for liquefaction plant or receiving station. Because of the high proportion of investment, many countries all over the world attach great importance to the design and construction of LNG tanks. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characteristics of LNG, the paper compares the price of various materials and their low temperature characteristics. The domestic stainless steel brand of 0Cr18Ni9 is selected for reference in the design of the latest small stainless steel LNG tank in China. On the premise of ensuring the stability and safety of the mechanical properties of the storage tank, the cost of the tank can be reduced by using the domestic self-produced materials, and the cost of the storage tank can be greatly reduced, and the profit space for the buyer can also be provided. Since the outer tank has no direct contact with LNG, does not bear low temperature, works under normal and vacuum conditions, and is under external pressure, Q345R with better comprehensive performance can be selected. In this design, the heat insulation of LNG storage tank is vacuum powder adiabatic, the support of inner tank adopts the structure of bottom support and lateral position support, and the support structure adopts the way of adding glass fiber reinforced plastic column to reduce heat leakage. The inner packagings are reinforced by thick wall pipes and the outer containers by integral reinforcement. There is no need to design reinforcement ring for the whole tank. In order to avoid the instability failure of the inner tank during helium leak detection, a reinforcement ring is provided for each 300mm in the inner container. The external pressure check of the inner vessel proves that this method can effectively ensure the safety of the vessel without increasing the wall thickness of the container. The pipeline of the LNG storage tank is centrally arranged at one end of the tank, and the pipe in the interlayer is designed to be S-shaped. In order to achieve the purpose of optimizing pipe design. In a word, after the structural design and theoretical analysis of the LNG tank, it is found that the inner tank of the LNG tank meets the design requirements and ensures the strength and stability of the tank. On the premise of ensuring the stability and safety of the mechanical properties of the storage tank, the most favorable structural form and material suitable for the design of the LNG storage tank are chosen, which not only ensures the security of the storage tank but also realizes its economy.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972

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