高压油气井放喷管线固定研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 07:26

本文选题：放喷管线 + 固定　；参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：钻井过程中,除做好防喷、防火、防爆、防毒工作外,最主要的是搞好井控工作。而放喷管线是井控装置的重要组成部分。川渝地区高压油气井进行钻井放喷过程中,由于地形起伏或管内流体介质(泥浆、油、气、水等)的不稳定流动,如压力脉动、流度变化、介质顶替等因素,造成弱约束或少约束的放喷管线抬升或摆动；有弯头的地方,在流场诱发的振动作用下,甚至会产生“拉直”效应。此外,压块尺寸、重量、固定点位置设计不合理等情况,均容易使固定约束松脱,还有可能引起管道破损、油气外流。因此,对放喷管线不能做到很好的固定,可能由此引发严重的安全事故。从目前调研情况来看,国内除了少数地面流程对放喷管线采用可移动式水泥基墩进行固定外,大多采用水泥基墩加地脚螺栓固定放喷管线,确保管线不剧烈摆动。尽管目前对放喷管线的安装能够按照井控细则实施,具体设置可能根据不同的现场管线长度和不同的放喷压力和排量稍有变化,但到底是由经验得来；而对移动式水泥基墩的安放间距和大小设计更是缺乏必要的理论依据,这在实际工程应用中造成了较大资源浪费。此外,采用挖筑水泥基墩固定管线的方式,不仅占用了耕地,复耕难度大,欠环保,而且在放喷作业前还需预先用混凝土浇铸基墩坑,固定地脚螺栓,再将管线压板固定在地脚螺栓上,相当耗时耗力。为解决上述问题,本文有针对性地,就采用可移动式水泥基墩来固定放喷管线进行了研究。为此,本文着力分析了放喷管线在管内流体作用下的振动和稳定性,并就可移动式水泥基墩在放喷管线上的安放间距和尺寸设计,做了以下工作： (1)针对高压放喷管线,详细分析了放喷管线的振动和稳定性,认为稳定是放喷系统能够正常运行的首要的条件,这为放喷管线的固定提供了设计思路。 (2)根据屈曲失稳原理对放喷管线进行稳定性判断,确定了7个放喷工况下,放喷管线上各固定点的位置,并据此作为设计固定点的理论依据； (3)基于瞬态单向流固耦合仿真,不仅分析了7个工况下放喷管线的变形和应力状态,同时对各压力等级下的弯头强度进行了判断,最重要的是计算得到了各固定点的作用力,为后续设计移动式水泥基墩的尺寸提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:In the course of drilling, in addition to blowout prevention, fire prevention, explosion proof and anti-virus work, the most important thing is to do well control work, and the discharge pipe line is an important part of the well control device. In the process of drilling and injection in the Sichuan Chongqing region high pressure oil and gas well, the unstable flow of the fluid or the fluid medium in the tube (mud, oil, gas, water and so on), such as pressure pulsation, in the process of drilling and injection in the Sichuan Chongqing Region The change of the flow rate, the displacement of the medium and other factors lead to the uplift or swinging of the tube line with the weak constraint or the less constraint, and the place of the elbow can even have the "straightening" effect under the action of the vibration induced by the flow field. In addition, the design of the pressure block size, weight, and the position of the fixed point is unsuitable, and it is easy to release the fixed constraints and may also be caused. The pipeline is damaged and the oil and gas outflow. Therefore, the nozzle line can not be well fixed, which may cause serious safety accidents.
According to the present investigation, in addition to a few ground processes, most of the movable cement based piers are fixed to the discharge pipe line, most of which are fixed with the cement piers and anchor bolts to ensure that the pipeline does not swing violently. Although the installation of the pipe line can be implemented according to the well control rules, the specific setting may not be based on the present conditions. The length of the same field pipeline and the different discharge pressure and displacement have changed slightly, but in the end it is from experience, but it is lack of the necessary theoretical basis for the space and size design of the moving cement base piers, which has caused great waste of resources in practical engineering application. It not only takes up the arable land, but it is difficult to ploughing and is under environmental protection, and it is necessary to cast the foundation pits in advance with concrete before the discharge operation, fix the anchor bolts, and then fix the pipeline plate on the foot bolt, which is quite time-consuming and consuming.
In order to solve the above problems, this paper focuses on the use of movable cement based piers to fix the nozzle line. In this paper, the vibration and stability of the nozzle line under the action of the fluid in the tube are analyzed, and the following work is done on the space and size design of the movable cement piers on the discharge pipe line.
(1) according to the high pressure discharge nozzle line, the vibration and stability of the nozzle line are analyzed in detail. It is considered that stability is the primary condition for the normal operation of the discharge system, which provides a design idea for the fixing of the nozzle line.
(2) according to the buckling instability principle, the stability of the nozzle line is judged, and the position of the fixed points on the nozzle line is determined under the 7 discharge conditions, which is the theoretical basis for the design of the fixed point.
(3) based on the transient unidirectional fluid solid coupling simulation, not only the deformation and stress state of the nozzle line in the 7 working conditions are analyzed, but also the strength of the elbow under each pressure level is judged. The most important thing is to calculate the forces of each fixed point, which provides a reference for the subsequent design of the size of the movable cement piers.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.5

【参考文献】