非圆齿轮传动抽油机理论分析与数字化样机设计

发布时间：2018-05-21 06:05

本文选题：非圆齿轮 + 抽油机　；参考：《西安石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：抽油机是石油开采的重要机械之一。在当前的机械采油方法中,游梁式抽油机占大部分比例。其存在以下缺点:由于驴头运动不均匀,导致悬点加速度过大;当增加冲程长度时整机轮廓尺寸和重量都显著增加;该类抽油机的工作效率低、制造成本高、能耗大。本文针对以上问题提出了一种椭圆齿轮传动齿轮齿条式抽油机。主要进行了方案设计、三维建模、结构分析、运动学及动力学分析几个方面。首先,设计了三种不同换向方式的齿轮传动抽油机方案:方案一为利用离合换向器进行换向的齿轮齿条式抽油机;方案二为利用齿轮换向器进行换向的齿轮齿条式抽油机;方案三为开关磁阻电机换向的带有椭圆齿轮传动的齿轮齿条式抽油机。经过综合对比,得出第三种方案在结构性能、运动平稳及能源消耗上都较前两种方案更加符合要求。其次,对非圆齿轮抽油机的基本参数:悬点静载荷、悬点动载荷、抽油机的平衡进行计算,对主要部件:动力装置、钢丝绳、V带传动部件、减速器、椭圆齿轮、齿轮齿条、轴及机架进行设计计算确定出各部分尺寸,应用SolidWorks三维软件分别对其进行建模,最后将各部分装配起来,完成整个抽油机的数字化样机设计。之后,应用有限元软件对非圆齿轮传动齿条式抽油机的主要部件齿轮齿条进行静力学分析,得出其接触应力及位移变形量均符合要求,验证了其安全性。对特殊部件椭圆齿轮不仅分析了其强度,还应用模态分析法对其动态特性进行预估,得出其最低固有频率为2056.1 Hz,远小于抽油机的固有频率,避免了共振的发生。最后,利用Matlab仿真分析系统分别计算出采用椭圆齿轮传动和常规齿轮传动抽油机的悬点速度及悬点加速度的变化曲线,并利用SolidWorks绘出悬点速度的曲线图,将两者进行对比分析得出椭圆齿轮抽油机的运动性能相对较好。分析椭圆齿轮的主要参数偏心率对悬点速度及加速度的影响,得出在合理的范围内,尽量选择较大的偏心率以保证抽油机的性能达到最佳。
[Abstract]:Pumping unit is one of the important machinery for petroleum exploitation. Beam pumping units account for most of the current mechanical oil extraction methods. It has the following disadvantages: the acceleration of suspension point is too large due to the uneven movement of donkey head; the outline size and weight of the whole machine increase significantly when the stroke length is increased; the efficiency of this kind of pumping unit is low, the manufacturing cost is high, and the energy consumption is large. In this paper, an elliptical gear rack pumping unit is presented. It mainly includes scheme design, three-dimensional modeling, structure analysis, kinematics and dynamics analysis. Firstly, three different gear drive pumping unit schemes are designed: one is gear rack pumping unit with clutch commutator, the other is gear rack pumping unit with gear commutator. The third scheme is a gear rack pumping unit with elliptical gear drive and switched reluctance motor. After comprehensive comparison, it is concluded that the third scheme is more suitable for the structural performance, motion stability and energy consumption than the former two schemes. Secondly, the basic parameters of non-circular gear pumping unit are calculated: static load of suspension point, dynamic load of suspension point, balance of pumping unit, main components: power device, steel wire rope V-belt transmission component, reducer, elliptical gear, gear rack, The shaft and the frame are designed and calculated to determine the dimensions of each part. The 3D software of SolidWorks is used to model the shaft and the frame. Finally, the parts are assembled to complete the design of the digital prototype of the pumping unit. Then, the finite element software is applied to the statics analysis of the main components of the non-circular gear drive rack pumping unit, and the contact stress and displacement deformation are obtained, and the safety is verified. The strength of elliptical gear with special components is analyzed, and its dynamic characteristics are estimated by modal analysis. The lowest natural frequency is 2056.1 Hz, which is far less than the natural frequency of pumping unit, and the resonance is avoided. Finally, the curves of suspension velocity and acceleration of pumping unit with elliptical gear drive and conventional gear transmission are calculated by using Matlab simulation analysis system, and the curve of suspension point velocity is drawn by SolidWorks. The results show that the elliptical gear pumping unit has better motion performance. The influence of the eccentricity of the main parameter of the elliptical gear on the velocity and acceleration of the suspension point is analyzed. It is concluded that, within a reasonable range, a large eccentricity is chosen as far as possible to ensure the optimum performance of the pumping unit.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1

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