LNG罐车泄漏火灾罐体超压失效预警及防控

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:27

本文选题：液化天然气 + 罐车　；参考：《天然气工业》2016年08期

【摘要】：LNG作为清洁能源利用的重要组成部分,带来了大量道路罐车运输需求,并引发对其安全的关注。为此,以实际事故为背景,面向LNG罐车泄漏火灾罐体超压失效过程,特别针对事故凸显的泄漏—火灾—罐体超压循环激励特点,通过耦合罐车泄漏工艺流程和LNG火灾燃烧热模型,并基于压力容器破裂预测公式,建立了LNG罐车泄漏火灾超压失效预测模型及其求解方案,可快速计算罐体超压失效时间、罐内压力、泄漏强度等参数,模型计算结果与事故调查结果具有良好的一致性。研究结果表明:(1)气相泄漏火灾不应导致罐体超压失效;(2)液相泄漏火灾罐体充装率高,罐内压力攀升速度、峰值压力、泄漏速率都将增加,到达峰值压力的时间将降低,意味着更大事故风险。从泄漏火灾超压预警的角度,确定了不同充装率下液相泄漏罐体最危险泄漏孔径、最短预警时间和最大安全泄漏孔径,以及不会发生罐体超压失效的最大安全充装率。结合事故暴露和道路运输存在的问题,提出了罐体设计、道路驾驶和事故应急的注意事项,并推荐罐体不同充装率应对液相泄漏火灾所需的最小消防喷淋降温水量,以期为预防和控制事故LNG罐体超压失效提供支持。
[Abstract]:As an important part of clean energy utilization, LNG brings a great deal of transportation demand of road tankers and arouses attention to its safety. Therefore, based on the actual accident, facing to the overpressure failure process of the LNG tank car leakage fire, especially aiming at the leakage, fire and tank overpressure cycle excitation characteristics of the accident, By coupling the leakage process and the LNG fire combustion heat model, and based on the pressure vessel rupture prediction formula, the LNG tank car leakage fire overpressure failure prediction model and its solution scheme are established. The tank overpressure failure time can be calculated quickly. The parameters such as pressure and leakage intensity in the tank are in good agreement with the result of accident investigation. The results show that the gas phase leakage fire should not lead to the overpressure failure of the tank. (2) the liquid phase leakage fire tank should have a high filling rate, the pressure in the tank will climb faster, the peak pressure and the leakage rate will all increase, and the time to reach the peak pressure will decrease. Means a greater risk of accidents. From the point of view of overpressure warning of leakage fire, the most dangerous leak aperture, the shortest warning time and the maximum safe leakage aperture, and the maximum safe filling rate of tank without overpressure failure are determined under different filling rates. Combined with the problems existing in accident exposure and road transportation, this paper puts forward the matters needing attention in tank design, road driving and accident emergency, and recommends that different filling rates of tank should meet the minimum amount of fire spray cooling water required for liquid-phase leakage fire. In order to prevent and control the accident of LNG tank overpressure failure support.
【作者单位】：中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“燃爆条件下深水油气开发工艺灾变机制与控制基础研究”(编号:15CX05018A) 国家自然科学基金项目“极端海洋环境下海洋固定平台生存能力及动力灾变应急对策研究”(编号:51579246)
【分类号】：TE88

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