石油井架灵敏度分析及其在传感器优化布置中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-25 13:28

本文选题：石油井架 + 静/动力特性　；参考：《燕山大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油井架是石油勘探与开采过程中必不可少的设备之一,其上悬挂游车、大钩、二层台以及其它专业工具,其安全性关系到整个油田的安全生产。对石油井架进行静/动力灵敏度分析,可以为石油井架的维修、检测和安全评价提供理论依据和切实可行的办法,也可以为石油井架状态的实时检测提供基础,避免井架安全事故的发生。本文介绍了结构灵敏度分析理论以及基于ANSYS软件的灵敏度分析方法;针对石油井架上存在的不同的损伤缺陷,对其进行了合理化等效处理;以JJ220/42-K型井架为例,分析了其静/动力对井架的损伤缺陷的灵敏度;依据灵敏度分析结果,对石油井架上存在整体损伤时应力应变传感器、频率、振型传感器的布置进行了优化。首先,介绍了结构的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度的计算方法,总结了基于ANSYS优化设计的灵敏度分析主要步骤,并对ANSYS优化设计中的一阶优化算法进行了介绍。建立了JJ220/42-K型石油井架的有限元模型。对石油井架上存在的一些整体损伤缺陷(整体弯曲、载荷偏心和基座沉降)和局部损伤缺陷(腐蚀、杆件初弯曲和节点刚性降低)合理化等效为设计变量的变化。然后,对JJ220/42-K型石油井架的静/动力灵敏度进行了分析。分析了JJ220/42-K型石油井架实验室模型的位移、应力、频率以及振型位移对井架上存在的整体损伤缺陷(整体正弦初弯曲、载荷偏心和基座沉降)和局部损伤缺陷(杆件腐蚀、杆件初弯曲和节点刚性降低)的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度,得到了对石油井架静/动力特性影响最大的损伤缺陷类型。最后,论述了石油井架现场传统传感器优化布置方法,并基于灵敏度分析对石油井架进行了传感器优化布置。根据JJ220/42-K型石油井架静/动力特性对损伤缺陷的绝对和相对灵敏度分析结果,对石油井架上存在整体损伤缺陷时的应力和加速度传感器的布置进行了优化。当石油井架上存在的整体损伤缺陷为整体正弦初弯曲、基座沉降时,提出了应力应变传感器和振型加速度传感器的优化布置方案。
[Abstract]:Petroleum Derrick is one of the necessary equipment in the process of petroleum exploration and exploitation. Its safety is related to the safety of the whole oilfield. The static / dynamic sensitivity analysis of the oil Derrick can provide a theoretical basis and a practical method for the maintenance, detection and safety evaluation of the oil Derrick, as well as the basis for real-time detection of the state of the oil Derrick. Avoid Derrick safety accidents. In this paper, the theory of structural sensitivity analysis and the sensitivity analysis method based on ANSYS software are introduced, and the reasonable equivalent treatment for different damage defects on oil Derrick is given. Taking JJ220/42-K Derrick as an example, the structure sensitivity analysis theory and the sensitivity analysis method based on ANSYS software are introduced in this paper. The sensitivity of the static / dynamic damage defect to the Derrick is analyzed, and according to the sensitivity analysis results, the stress-strain sensor, frequency and mode sensor arrangement of the oil Derrick with integral damage are optimized. Firstly, the calculation methods of absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity of structure are introduced, the main steps of sensitivity analysis based on ANSYS optimization design are summarized, and the first-order optimization algorithm in ANSYS optimization design is introduced. The finite element model of JJ220/42-K oil Derrick is established. Some integral damage defects (global bending, load eccentricity and base settlement) and local damage defects (corrosion, initial bending of members and reduction of joint rigidity) on oil Derrick are rationalized as changes of design variables. Then, the static / dynamic sensitivity of JJ220/42-K oil Derrick is analyzed. The displacements, stresses, frequencies and modal displacements of the laboratory model of JJ220/42-K oil Derrick are analyzed. The overall damage defects (global sinusoidal initial bending, load eccentricity and base settlement) and local damage defects (member corrosion) on the Derrick are analyzed. The absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity of the initial bending of the rod and the reduction of the rigidity of the joints are used to obtain the types of damage defects which have the greatest influence on the static / dynamic characteristics of the oil Derrick. Finally, the optimization method of traditional sensors in oil Derrick field is discussed, and the sensor optimal arrangement of oil Derrick is carried out based on sensitivity analysis. According to the absolute and relative sensitivity analysis results of the static / dynamic characteristics of the JJ220/42-K oil Derrick, the stress and acceleration sensor arrangement of the oil Derrick with integral damage defect is optimized. When the whole damage defect on the oil Derrick is sinusoidal initial bending and base settlement, the optimal arrangement of stress-strain sensor and vibration acceleration sensor is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE923

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