移动式试油试采举升装置的设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 17:13

本文选题：试油试采 + 抽油机　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在石油开采过程中,试油试采是探明油井开采能力和开发价值的重要试井步骤,有杆泵抽汲相对于其他试井方式具有更强的探井适应能力。有杆泵是通过地面部分的举升装置即抽油机来提供动力的。常规的游梁式抽油机庞大笨重,一般为固定式结构,且冲程、冲次不可调节,因此不适用于试油试采工作。目前,急需一种可以快捷移动,同时具备冲程与冲次可调功能的抽油装置,可实现短期内对新油井的试油试采或对老油井的二次开采。针对上述需求,本文研究设计了一种移动式试油试采举升装置,集机、电、液技术为一体,具备运行状态监测和参数可调控制功能,可满足试油试采举升装置机动性、高效性、安全性及自动控制等方面的要求。本论文的主要内容如下：第一章,综述当前试油试采工作所采用的设备发展历程,介绍油田开采设备的类型和各种特点、发展历程及国内外研究现状,阐述本课题的研究目的和意义,并介绍主要设计研究内容。第二章,从技术要求出发,针对试油试采工作的特殊性,设计了四种驱动机构方案,利用仿真工具分析比较了这四种设计方案,从技术实现以及实际应用角度从中择优选取最终实施方案。对最终选定的方案从机械原理方面进行初步设计计算,并从机械结构角度对整机结构进行划分和设计。第三章,对实施方案的主驱动系统进行设计,从技术指标出发,根据抽油和修井两种不同的工况,设计了可满足两种工况要求的传动滑轮组机构,并设计了基于液压平衡的开关磁阻电机驱动绞车,以及与之配套可适用于不同工况的换挡变速装置。此外对配套的液压系统进行了设计计算和元件选型。第四章,针对试油试采装置无人值守自动运行的特点,设计了配套的控制及监测系统。此监控系统以PLC为下位机,以PC和触摸屏为上位机,具备手动控制和自动运行两种工作模式,自动运行过程可利用布置于系统上的各个传感器监控系统状态,并调整工作参数,达到最优控制,并绘制示功图。第五章,对驱动装置建立了动力学模型,应用Simulink对建立的模型进行仿真,将应用动力学公式建立的模型与AMESim建立模型的仿真结果进行比较分析,证实了动力学模型的正确性；第六章,总结全文的研究内容,并对并进一步的研究方向和内容提出展望。
[Abstract]:In the process of oil production, oil testing and production testing is an important well testing step to determine the production capacity and development value of oil wells. The rod pump swabbing has a stronger adaptability than other well testing methods. The rod pump is powered by the ground part of the lift device, the pumping unit. The conventional beam pumping units are large and heavy, usually of fixed structure, and the stroke and stroke are not adjustable, so they are not suitable for oil test and production test. At present, there is an urgent need for a kind of pumping device which can move quickly and has the functions of adjustable stroke and secondary stroke, which can be used to test the production of new oil wells in a short period of time or to produce old wells again in a short period of time. In order to meet the above requirements, a mobile oil test lift device is designed in this paper, which integrates the machine, electricity and liquid technology, has the function of monitoring the running state and adjusting the parameters, and can meet the maneuverability and high efficiency of the oil test and production test lift device. Safety and automatic control requirements. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter summarizes the development history of the equipment used in the production test and production testing, introduces the types and characteristics of the oil field production equipment, the development process and the current research situation at home and abroad. The purpose and significance of this research are expounded, and the main design and research contents are introduced. In the second chapter, according to the particularity of oil test and production test, four kinds of driving mechanism schemes are designed, and the four schemes are analyzed and compared by simulation tools. From the point of view of technical realization and practical application, the final implementation scheme is selected. The final selected scheme is designed and calculated from the aspect of mechanical principle, and the whole machine structure is divided and designed from the point of view of mechanical structure. In the third chapter, the main driving system of the implementation scheme is designed. According to the two different working conditions of pumping and workover, the driving pulley group mechanism is designed to meet the requirements of the two working conditions. The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive winch based on hydraulic balance is designed, and the gear shifting device suitable for different working conditions is designed. In addition, the design and calculation of the supporting hydraulic system and the selection of components are carried out. In the fourth chapter, the control and monitoring system is designed according to the characteristics of unattended automatic operation of oil test and production test device. This monitoring system takes PLC as lower computer, PC and touch screen as upper computer, and has two working modes: manual control and automatic operation. The automatic operation process can utilize the monitoring system status of each sensor arranged on the system, and adjust the working parameters. Achieve optimal control and draw indicator diagram. In the fifth chapter, the dynamic model of the drive device is established, and the simulation results of the model established by Simulink are compared with the simulation results of the model established by AMESim, and the correctness of the dynamic model is verified. Chapter six summarizes the research content of this paper, and puts forward the prospect of further research direction and content.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE932

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