重油溶剂脱沥青萃取塔内件开发

发布时间：2018-05-29 06:43

本文选题：萃取塔 + 内构件　；参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：溶剂脱沥青是重质油加工过程中一种重要的预处理工艺,它以减压渣油等重油为原料,通过溶剂作用把渣油中很难转化的金属和沥青质等物质脱除出去,而把质量较好的脱沥青油作为催化加工原料。萃取塔是重质油脱除沥青工艺中的关键设备。在溶剂脱沥青萃取塔中,塔内放置不同构件会对分离流场特性有一定影响,因此需要通过优化内部构件的形式来提高萃取塔的分离效率。文中提出了一种新型的液-液两相萃取塔内构件,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟萃取塔内部的流体动力学行为,并着重考察了萃取塔的内构件对液液两相的流动行为的影响。通过CFD模拟,得到了萃取塔及其内构件的很多的定量及定性数据。本文分别用了油和水、脱沥青油和液态丙烷作为分离的两相。通过两相分布云图和速度矢量图,分析了整个萃取塔内部以及其内构件区域的流体动力学行为,同时设置了多个单一变量,分别改变进料流速、塔顶塔底的出口压力及塔内件的结构等不同因素,分析不同条件的改变对萃取塔分离效率的影响。根据萃取塔内部各区域的两相分布及流动情况,可以看出萃取塔工作状态良好；在萃取塔的内构件区域,根据同一层塔板和不同层塔板之间的两相分布及流动情况,可以看出萃取塔的内构件有明显的分离效果。在一定流速范围内,塔底出口压力越大,油的分离效率越高,水的分离效率越低；进料流速越大,水相的分离效率越高,油相分离效率越低；出口压力及进料流速都有一个适当的范围,根据分离要求,可找到适当的出口压力与流速对应。塔内的构件,保持其基本结构不变,通过改变竖直挡板的高度和竖直挡板的缝隙高度,可以发现内构件的尺寸有适当的范围,过大或过小都不利于两相分离。本工作是首次对这种新型萃取塔内构件进行研究,为以后该萃取塔内构件的深入研究分析以及实验甚至生产开发提供了很多定性、定量数据及操作经验,希望这种萃取塔内构件能有光明的前景。
[Abstract]:Solvent deasphalting is an important pretreatment process in heavy oil processing. It uses vacuum residuum and other heavy oils as raw materials to remove metals and asphaltenes from residuals that are difficult to transform through solvent action. The good quality deasphalting oil is used as the raw material for catalytic processing. The extraction tower is the key equipment in the heavy oil deasphalting process. In the solvent deasphalting extraction column, different components in the column will have a certain impact on the separation flow field characteristics, so it is necessary to improve the separation efficiency of the extraction tower by optimizing the internal component form. In this paper, a new liquid-liquid two-phase extraction column inner component is proposed. The fluid dynamics behavior in the extraction column is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the influence of the inner component of the extraction column on the liquid-liquid two-phase flow behavior is emphatically investigated. A lot of quantitative and qualitative data of the extraction column and its internal components were obtained by CFD simulation. Oil and water, deasphalting oil and liquid propane were used as separation phases respectively. The hydrodynamic behaviors of the whole extraction column and its internal components are analyzed by using the two-phase distribution cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram. At the same time, a number of single variables are set to change the feed flow rate, respectively. Different factors such as the outlet pressure of the bottom of the tower and the structure of the inner parts of the tower were analyzed. The influence of different conditions on the separation efficiency of the extraction column was analyzed. According to the two-phase distribution and flow situation in each region of the extraction tower, it can be seen that the extraction column is in good working condition, and in the region of the inner component of the extraction tower, according to the two-phase distribution and the flow situation between the same layer tray and different layer tray, It can be seen that the internal components of the extraction column have obvious separation effect. In a certain flow rate range, the higher the outlet pressure, the higher the separation efficiency of oil and the lower the separation efficiency of water, the higher the feed flow rate, the higher the separation efficiency of water phase and the lower the separation efficiency of oil phase. The outlet pressure and the feed flow rate have a proper range. According to the separation requirements, the appropriate outlet pressure can be found corresponding to the flow rate. By changing the height of the vertical baffle and the height of the slot of the vertical baffle, it can be found that the dimensions of the inner members have an appropriate range, and too large or too small are not conducive to the separation of the two phases. This work is the first time to study the inner components of this new extraction tower, which provides a lot of qualitative, quantitative data and operation experience for the further research and analysis, experiment and even production development of the inner components of the extraction tower. It is hoped that there will be a bright future for the inner components of the extraction tower.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE962

【参考文献】