辽河油田采油废水生化处理及生物降解菌特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 23:24

本文选题：采油废水 + 2　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展,各国对石油的需求量逐年增加,石油开发过程中造成的水污染成为了目前亟待解决的环境问题。本文设计了以生物法为主化学法为辅的辽河油田采油废水处理工艺,确定了各工艺段的水力停留时间,并针对废水中的主要有机物2,4-二甲基苯酚和正十六烷研究了其生物降解特种菌的降解特性。本文针对辽河油田采油废水高温高盐的水质特点,设计了一级生物接触氧化→臭氧预氧化→二级曝气生物滤池→臭氧紫外联用氧化的处理工艺,并对该工艺进行小试试验。结果表明,当进水COD和含油量分别为309.4 mg/L和23.1 mg/L时,一级生物接触氧化、臭氧预氧化段、二级曝气生物滤池及臭氧紫外联用氧化段的最佳水力停留时间分别为8 h、0.5 h、6 h和0.75 h,此时各段COD的去除率可分别达34.9%、47.3%、64.3%和87.9%,油类去除率可分别达40.7%、57.6%、74.0%、和88.3%,出水COD及含油量分别降至37.5 mg/L和2.7 mg/L,满足《陆上石油天然气开采工业污染物排放标准》和相应企业标准。利用GCMS对采油废水有机组分的分析表明,废水中有机物以2,4-二甲基苯酚和正十六烷为主。针对这两种有机物进行特种菌筛选,得到以两种有机物的混合物为唯一碳源菌株LH-1、以正十六烷为唯一碳源菌株LH-2及以2,4-二甲基苯酚为唯一碳源菌株LH-3,经16sRNA鉴定,LH-1和LH-3菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),LH-2菌株为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。实验研究了 LH-1、LH-2和LH-3的降解特性,利用单因子影响实验确定了温度、盐度和底物浓度对菌株降解的影响。结果表明:培养96h,LH-1对2,4-二甲基苯酚的和正十六烷的降解率分别为32.4%和42.0%;LH-2对正十六烷的降解率为47.9%;LH-3对2,4-二甲基苯酚的降解率为23.6%。LH-1菌株的最适培养条件为温度=40℃、盐度=10 g/L、底物浓度=400 mg/L;LH-2菌株的最适培养条件为温度=45℃、盐度=5 g/L、底物浓度=600 mg/L;LH-3菌株最适培养条件为温度=45℃、盐度=5 g/L、底物浓度=200 mg/L。三株菌对高温高盐的环境均有较强的耐受性。对LH-1、LH-2和LH-3菌株在有机物降解过程所产生特征酶的活性检测表明,LH-1和LH-3菌株在对应有机物的降解过程中均产生了邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶,故LH-1和LH-3通过间位开环过程降解芳香烃类有机物;LH-2中两种酶都不含,不能降解芳香族物质。本文设计并成功运行了采油废水处理工艺,同时探讨了采油废水生化处理的微生物机理,可为采油废水的提供技术支持及理论基础。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for oil has increased year by year. The water pollution caused by the process of oil development has become an urgent environmental problem. This paper designed the processing technology of the oil recovery wastewater in Liaohe Oilfield, supplemented by biological method as the main chemical method, and determined the hydraulic retention time of each process section, and aimed at the waste water. The main organic compounds, 2,4- two methyl phenol and positive sixteen alkane, have studied the degradation characteristics of their biodegradable special bacteria. In view of the characteristics of the high temperature and high salt water quality of the oil recovery wastewater in Liaohe Oilfield, the first grade biological contact oxidation, ozone preoxidation, two stage aerated biofilter and ozone ultraviolet combined oxidation process was designed. The results showed that when the influent COD and the oil content were 309.4 mg/L and 23.1 mg/L respectively, the best hydraulic retention time of the first grade biological contact oxidation, the ozone preoxidation section, the two stage aeration biological filter and the ozone ultraviolet combined oxidation section were 8 h, 0.5 h, 6 h and 0.75 h respectively. At this time, the removal rate of COD was 34.9%, 47. respectively. 3%, 64.3% and 87.9%, oil removal rates can be 40.7%, 57.6%, 74%, and 88.3% respectively. The effluent COD and oil content are reduced to 37.5 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L, respectively, to meet the emission standards of the land oil and natural gas mining industry and the corresponding enterprise standards. The analysis of organic components of the oil production wastewater by GCMS shows that the organic compounds in the waste water are 2,4- two methyl benzene. Phenolics and positive sixteen alkanes were the dominant species. The mixture of two organic compounds was selected as the only carbon source strain LH-1, LH-2 with sixteen alkane as the sole carbon source and 2,4- two methylphenol as the sole carbon source LH-3. The LH-1 and LH-3 strains were identified as Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas sp.), LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, and LH-2. The strain was Bacillus sp.. The degradation characteristics of LH-1, LH-2 and LH-3 were studied. The effects of temperature, salinity and substrate concentration on the degradation of the strain were determined by single factor influence. The results showed that the degradation rate of 2,4- two methyl phenol and positive sixteen alkanes by LH-1 was 32.4% and 42% respectively, and LH-2 to sixteen alkanes, respectively. The degradation rate of LH-3 was 47.9%. The optimum conditions for the degradation rate of 2,4- two methyl phenol to 23.6%.LH-1 strain were temperature =40, =10 g/L, and substrate concentration =400 mg/L, and the optimum culture condition of LH-2 strain was temperature =45, salinity =5 g/L and substrate concentration. =200 mg/L. three strains have strong tolerance to high temperature and high salinity environment. The activity detection of LH-1, LH-2 and LH-3 strains in the degradation process of organic matter showed that LH-1 and LH-3 strains produced catechol 2,3- double oxygenase during the degradation process of the corresponding organic matter, so LH-1 and LH-3 were degraded through the interposition opening process. Aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter; two kinds of enzymes in LH-2 are not contained and can not degrade aromatic substances. This paper has designed and successfully operated the processing technology of oil recovery wastewater. At the same time, the microbial mechanism of the biochemical treatment of oil production wastewater was discussed, which could provide technical support and theoretical basis for the production of oil production wastewater.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X741;X172

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