石油磺酸盐酸渣分离及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 10:05

本文选题：石油磺酸盐 + 酸渣　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油磺酸盐作为三次采油中常用的一种高品质表面活性剂,其溶液注入油井后与地层配伍性和稳定性好,不产生负面效应,同时生产工艺较为简单、成本较低,竞争力强,被认为是最有商业前景的表面活性剂之一。但石油磺酸盐生产过程中,由于过磺化等副反应产生的酸渣对产品质量、生产设备及环境造成严重影响,因此对酸渣进行分离和综合利用不仅可以提高石油磺酸盐产品的性能,降低对生产设备的不利影响,同时可实现废弃物资源化,提高生产效益。本文对酸渣分离和应用研究的内容及取得的结论包括以下几个方面：(1)酸渣的分离。利用蒸馏实验回收了酸渣中的溶剂二氯乙烷,测定了二氯乙烷的纯度。采用萃取法和氨气法分离了酸渣中的无机盐和活性物,并对无机盐和活性物组分进行了定性及定量分析,结果表明无机盐主要成分是无机硫酸盐,活性物主要成分是有机磺酸盐。两种方法均可将酸渣中的无机物和活性物分开,且两种方法获得无机盐和活性物含量基本一致。氨气法获得的活性物中仍含有少量的无机盐,相比而言萃取法对酸渣的分离效果更好。(2)无机盐和活性物用作混凝土缓凝剂的研究。将无机铵盐用作混凝土缓凝剂掺加到水泥中,考察了其对水泥凝结时间的影响,证明无机铵盐有一定的缓凝效果,但是会释放出氨气。针对这一问题,将无机铵盐转化成无机钠盐,随着掺加量的增加,水泥缓凝时间基本稳定在90min～100min,基本符合国标要求,但是缓凝效果有限；将活性物掺加到水泥中,随着掺加量的增加缓凝时间越来越长,缓凝时间符合国标的要求,证明活性物可以作为混凝土缓凝剂。(3)酸渣用作混凝土减水剂的研究。将酸渣用NaOH中和后直接用作混凝土减水剂,考察了砂浆减水率及抗压强度随掺加量的变化规律。结果表明,砂浆减水率随掺加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,抗压强度呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势；按照国家标准对酸渣进行了混凝土外加剂匀质性检验,考察了酸渣的固体含量、密度、细度、pH、表面张力、氯离子和硫酸钠含量,结果表明,酸渣各项指标均符合国标对混凝土外加剂匀质性检验的要求。(4)酸渣用作混凝土引气减水剂的研究。针对酸渣具有引气性的特点,将其作为混凝土引气剂,与不同种类的混凝土减水剂复配成引气减水剂,通过正交实验考察其对混凝土各项性能指标的影响,得到了最佳复配方案,初步证明了酸渣用作混凝土引气剂减水剂的可行性。
[Abstract]:Petroleum sulfonate, as a kind of high quality surfactant commonly used in tertiary oil recovery, has good compatibility and stability with the formation after injected into the oil well, and does not produce negative effects. At the same time, the production process is simple, the cost is low, and the competitiveness is strong. It is considered to be one of the most promising surfactants. However, in the process of petroleum sulfonate production, the acid slag produced by side reactions such as over-sulfonation has a serious impact on product quality, production equipment and environment. Therefore, the separation and comprehensive utilization of acid slag can not only improve the performance of petroleum sulfonate products. At the same time, it can realize the recycling of waste and improve the efficiency of production. In this paper, the separation and application of acid slag are studied and the conclusions obtained include the following aspects: 1) separation of acid slag. The solvent dichloroethane in acid residue was recovered by distillation experiment and the purity of dichloroethane was determined. Inorganic salts and active compounds in acid slag were separated by extraction method and ammonia gas method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic salts and active compounds were carried out. The results showed that inorganic sulfate was the main component of inorganic salts. The main component of the active compound is organic sulfonate. The two methods can separate the inorganic and active compounds from the acid residue, and the contents of inorganic salts and active compounds in the two methods are basically the same. There is still a small amount of inorganic salt in the active substance obtained by ammonia method. Compared with the extraction method, the separation effect of acid slag is better. 2) the inorganic salt and the active substance are used as retarder for concrete. Using inorganic ammonium salt as concrete retarder, the effect of inorganic ammonium salt on setting time of cement is investigated. It is proved that inorganic ammonium salt has certain retarding effect, but ammonia will be released. In order to solve this problem, the inorganic ammonium salt is converted into inorganic sodium salt. With the increase of the amount of inorganic ammonium salt, the retarding time of cement is basically stabilized at 90 min ~ 100 min, which basically conforms to the national standard, but the retarding effect is limited. With the increase of the amount of admixture, the retarding time is getting longer and longer, and the retarding time meets the requirements of the national standard. It is proved that the active compound can be used as the concrete retarder. 3) the acid slag can be used as the water reducing agent of concrete. The acid slag was directly used as concrete water-reducing agent after neutralizing with NaOH. The variation of water reducing rate and compressive strength of mortar with the addition of mortar was investigated. The results show that the water reducing rate of mortar increases first and then decreases with the increase of admixture content, and the compressive strength decreases first and then decreases, and the homogeneity of concrete admixture is tested according to the national standard. The solid content, density, pH value, surface tension, chloride ion and sodium sulfate content of acid slag were investigated. All the indexes of acid slag meet the requirements of the national standard for testing the homogeneity of concrete admixture. 4) the study of acid slag used as air entraining and water reducing agent of concrete. In view of the air entrainability of acid slag, it is used as air entraining agent of concrete and mixed with different kinds of concrete water reducer to form air entraining agent. The influence of acid slag on various performance indexes of concrete is investigated by orthogonal experiment. The optimum blending scheme was obtained, and the feasibility of using acid slag as water reducing agent for air entraining agent of concrete was preliminarily proved.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.46

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