气举井的工况诊断与故障处理研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 01:12

本文选题：气举采油 + 效率　；参考：《长江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：气举采油工艺是油井停喷后恢复生产的一种人工举升办法,是自喷生产的能量补充方式。气举采油适应能力强,广泛应用于高气油比油藏的生产开发。气举井生产效率对于油田的高效开发具有重要意义,气举井生产效率取决于气举井的故障分析及排除,因此气举井的工况诊断与故障处理研究具有重要意义。气举井在生产过程中,因为含水率上升,油井供液能力变差、注气压力波动以及多相流流型变换,导致设计注气点改变,甚至出现油套串通,井下气举阀启闭异常、井口油嘴限制油井产能的情况。气举井生产时最关键是确定出注气点位置,指导并调整油井工作制度达到高效开发气举油田的目的。生产压力资料是定量分析气举井工况的重要参数,包括有地面的油管压力、套管压力,沿井筒的生产油压线、注气压力线、气举井井底流动压力以及各级阀气举阀打开关闭压力等布阀设计压力参数。结合生产压力资料和布阀压力参数,运用气举理论知识可以对气举井上况作出分析诊断。本文首先总结和学习国内外学者对气举井工况的定性、定量诊断分析方式方法,在掌握了气举工况诊断的定性分析方法后,重点研究了气举井工况诊断定量分析方法。数学计算模拟诊断模型是定量分析气举井工况的基本方法,其基本理论是建立油管生产压力模型、套管注气压力模型和井下温度模型,根据井下布阀参数,如各级阀的尺寸、调试打开压力和关闭压力,判断气举阀的开启和关闭状态,然后计算气举阀各级通气量。针对气举井工况诊断的复杂性和不确定性,本文从国外学者的研究思路出发,为气举工况诊断引入了模糊逻辑的概念,利用模糊控制系统能够对复杂数学模型问题取得较为满意结果的特点,结合模糊数学理论和气举专业知识经验,建立了一套模糊逻辑气举诊断模型,用以确定生产井进气阀位置。本文研究的主要内容有：1)数学计算模拟诊断模型以及模糊逻辑气举诊断模型的关键是多相管流压力和温度的计算,通过对国内外相关资料的调研,收集目前流行的多相管流压力温度计算方法,其中包括计算直井、斜井的压力模型,经验和半经验的多相流温度计算方法,并且对不同多相管流模型适应性进行了研究。2)通过气举工况数学模拟诊断基本模型的研究,改进了基本模型,提出了多点注气和产液量未知两种情况的计算模拟模型扩大其适应性。通过国内某油田气举实例井的案例验证该模型可行。3)引入模糊逻辑理论,结合现场气举知识和经验,创新性地建立了气举井工况诊断的模糊控制系统,该系统通过关键对象参数的模糊化,模糊处理和去模糊化三个步骤确定出当前生产下最可能的进气点位置。通过国内某油田气举井实例验证该模型可行。4)对气举井井下气举阀不同进气情况进行原因分析,对气举井常见故障原因产生和处理办法进行了总结,可以有效指导现场作业。
[Abstract]:The gas lift production process is an artificial lifting method for the recovery of production after the oil well is stopped. It is an energy supplement for the production of self injection. The gas lift production is widely used in the production and development of high gas oil ratio reservoir. The production efficiency of the gas lift well is of great significance for the efficient development of the oil field, and the production efficiency of the gas lift well depends on the gas lift well. It is of great significance to analyze and eliminate the fault in the gas lift well. In the production process of the gas lift well, because of the rising water content, the poor water supply capacity, the fluctuation of gas injection pressure and the multiphase flow pattern transformation, the design of gas injection point changes, even the oil sleeve is colluded, and the well gas lift valve is open and closed, well, well, well, well, well, well, well, well The mouth oil nozzle limits the productivity of oil wells. The key to the production of the gas lift is to determine the position of the gas injection point, guide and adjust the oil well working system to achieve the purpose of the efficient development of the gas lift oil field. The production pressure data is an important parameter for quantitative analysis of the working conditions of the gas lift well, including the oil pipe pressure on the ground, the casing pressure, and the production pressure along the shaft. The design pressure parameters such as line, gas injection pressure line, flow pressure at the bottom of gas lift well and the opening pressure of valve gas lift valve at all levels are designed. Combined with the production pressure data and the pressure parameters of the valve, the gas lift theory can be used to make an analysis and diagnosis on the condition of the gas lift well. This paper first summarizes and studies the qualitative analysis of the gas lift well conditions at home and abroad. The quantitative diagnosis analysis method, after mastering the qualitative analysis method of the gas lift condition diagnosis, focuses on the quantitative analysis method of the gas lift well condition diagnosis. The mathematical simulation diagnosis model is the basic method for quantitative analysis of the gas lift well condition, and its basic theory is to establish the pressure model of the oil pipe production, the casing injection pressure model and the well. In the lower temperature model, according to the parameters of the downhole cloth valve, such as the size of the valve at all levels, adjusting the opening and closing pressure, judging the opening and closing state of the gas lift valve, and then calculating the ventilation volume at all levels of the air lift valve. In view of the complexity and uncertainty of the gas lift well condition diagnosis, this paper, starting from the research idea of the foreign scholars, introduces the diagnosis of the gas lift operation. The concept of fuzzy logic is used to make use of fuzzy control system to obtain more satisfactory results for complex mathematical model problems. A set of fuzzy logic gas lift diagnosis model is established to determine the intake valve position of production wells by combining fuzzy mathematical theory and the knowledge experience of gas lift. The main contents of this paper are: 1) mathematical calculation The key of the simulation diagnosis model and the fuzzy logic gas lift diagnosis model is the calculation of the pressure and temperature of the multiphase pipe flow. Through the investigation of the relevant data at home and abroad, the current popular method of calculating the pressure and temperature of the multiphase pipe flow is collected, including the calculation of the vertical well, the pressure model of the inclined shaft, the experience and the semi empirical multiphase flow temperature calculation method. And the adaptability of different multiphase flow model is studied in.2) the basic model is studied through the mathematical simulation of gas lift condition. The basic model is improved and the simulation model of two cases of multi point gas injection and liquid production is proposed to expand its adaptability. It is proved that the model is feasible by the case of an oil field example well in an oil field in China. Introducing the fuzzy logic theory and combining the field gas lift knowledge and experience, the fuzzy control system of the gas lift well condition diagnosis is set up innovatively. The system determines the most possible position of the intake point in the current production through three steps: the fuzzification of the parameters of the key objects, the fuzzy processing and the defuzzification, and through the example of a domestic oil field gas lift well. This model is proved to be feasible.4) to analyze the causes of different intake air lift valves in the gas lift well, and summarize the common causes and treatment methods of the gas lift wells, which can effectively guide the field operation.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE355.3

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