基于WebGIS的油田应急抢险路径研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 17:35

本文选题：WebGIS + Dijkstra算法　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们对安全、环境和生命越来越重视以及油田突发事件的增多,油田应急系统的研究和应用越来越广泛。油田应急救援过程中面临的一个重要的问题就是如何及时、有效的将应急资源运送到事故现场,这就涉及到最短路径问题。最短路径搜索算法很多,主要包络图论经典法、A*算法、人工智能算法等,但经过大量研究表明,没有一种算法是万能,它们大多是针对某些特定的应用,为此本文是在灾害事件发生的前提下,结合WebGIS技术,探讨油田应急抢险物资车辆的救援路线选择问题,本文的主要工作如下。第一,建立油田网络拓扑结构。利用分层技术将油田道路网络划分为三个等级,分别是主干路、次干路和通井路,建立油田道路网络的空间数据库和属性数据库,并给出油田道路的部分属性表,利用ArcMap建立油田道路网络拓扑结构。第二,针对Dijkstra算法在WebGIS实际应用中的不足,提出两种改进方法:1)优化WebGIS的空间存储结构,只存储油田道路拓扑信息,在进行空间分析时,可降低检索的数据量;2)将人工势场算法中的势场强度引入到算法中,提出一种新的改进的Dijkstra最短路径搜索算法—A-Dijkstra算法,在进行路径寻优分析时,使得最短路径沿着目标点的趋势进行搜索,提高算法的计算效率。第三,面对油田大规模道路网络,将道路网络分割成为距离均衡的子社区网,首先估计起点到终点的最短路径长度,再利用限制分层算法,通过删减掉最短路径范围以外的节点来限制最短路径搜索区域,并利用改进后的蚁群算法解决油田应急抢险中可能会出现的多事故地点待救援问题。第四,设计并实现油田应急抢险系统。首先,设计系统的整体功能与架构;然后以ASP.NET为基础,结合WebGIS技术和C#,建立B/S、C/S相结合的油田应急抢险系统模型。最后,对系统各个功能模块进行开发,并且重点对该系统中的事故报警、事故定位、预案自动匹配、油田抢险物资查询和路径寻优等功能作详细阐述。基于WebGIS的油田应急抢险路径研究是针对油田应急抢险的实际情况,对最短路径算法进行改进和优化,优化后的算法应用到油田应急抢险系统中,可以有效的提高油田应急物资到达事故现场的效率,并且系统的设计没有改变现场操作人员的工作方式,能够很好地应用、服务于油田应急抢险救援。
[Abstract]:As people pay more and more attention to safety, environment and life, and the increase of oil field emergencies, the research and application of oilfield emergency system are more and more extensive. An important problem in the process of oil field emergency rescue is how to transport emergency resources to the accident site in a timely and effective manner, which involves the shortest path problem. There are a lot of shortest path search algorithms, such as A * algorithm based on envelope graph theory, artificial intelligence algorithm and so on. But after a lot of research, it is shown that none of them is omnipotent, and most of them are aimed at some specific applications. In this paper, under the premise of disaster event, combining with WebGIS technology, this paper discusses the problem of selecting the rescue route of emergency relief vehicle in oil field. The main work of this paper is as follows. First, establish the oil field network topology. The oil field road network is divided into three grades by using stratification technology, namely the main road, the secondary trunk road and the Tongjing road. The spatial database and attribute database of the oil field road network are established, and some attribute tables of the oil field road are given. The oil field road network topology is established by ArcMap. Secondly, aiming at the deficiency of Dijkstra algorithm in the application of WebGIS, two improved methods: 1) are put forward to optimize the spatial storage structure of WebGIS. This paper introduces the potential field intensity of artificial potential field algorithm into the algorithm, and proposes a new improved Dijkstra shortest path search algorithm-A-Dijkstra algorithm. The shortest path is searched along the trend of the target point, and the efficiency of the algorithm is improved. Thirdly, in the face of large-scale road network in oil field, the road network is divided into sub-community networks with balanced distance. First, the shortest path length from start to end is estimated, and then the restricted layering algorithm is used. By deleting the nodes outside the shortest path range to limit the shortest path search area, the improved ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem of multiple accident sites waiting for rescue in oil field emergency rescue. Fourth, the design and implementation of oil field emergency rescue system. Firstly, the whole function and architecture of the system are designed, and then, based on ASP. Net, combining WebGIS technology and C#, an oil field emergency rescue system model combining B / S / C / S is established. Finally, every functional module of the system is developed, and the functions of the system, such as accident alarm, accident location, automatic matching of pre-plan, oil field emergency materials query and path optimization, are described in detail. The research of oilfield emergency rescue path based on WebGIS is to improve and optimize the shortest path algorithm in view of the actual situation of oil field emergency rescue, and the optimized algorithm is applied to the oil field emergency rescue system. It can effectively improve the efficiency of oil field emergency supplies to the scene of the accident, and the system design does not change the working mode of field operators, can be well applied to serve the oil field emergency rescue.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE48;TP18

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