酸化油制备生物柴油的工艺与强化装置研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 10:40

  本文选题：酸化油 + 生物柴油　； 参考：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物柴油是一种安全稳定、可再生的绿色能源,大力发展生物柴油,不仅填补经济发展对柴油的需求,而且有效降低石化柴油对大气的污染。在生物柴油的生产中,原料是制约生物柴油发展的关键因素,利用低廉且广泛的酸化油制备生物柴油,既实现废弃油脂的充分利用,又极大降低生物柴油的生产成本,具有良好的经济效益和社会意义。目前生物柴油的研究多以精制油为主,而采用废弃油脂的相对较少,同时酯化过程中存在醇油混合不均而导致反应效率低的问题。基于上述情况,本文以酸化油为原料,着重研究了适应于酸化油生产生物柴油的最佳工艺参数、反应强化装置和工艺流程。首先,本文研究了最佳工艺参数,在测定了原料油的理化指标基础上,确定采用酸碱两步催化法制备生物柴油的工艺方案,针对酯化过程的工艺参数范围,设计单因素实验和正交实验。选定预酯化最佳反应条件为反应温度55℃,搅拌速度200r/min,醇油摩尔比6:1,催化剂用量2.5wt%(与原料油的质量比),酯交换最佳反应条件为反应温度55℃,搅拌速度200r/min,醇油摩尔比7:1,催化剂用量1.2wt%。方差分析可知,其中对预酯化反应和酯交换反应影响最大的是搅拌速度,说明反应的关键在于反应体系间的混合程度,也即反应装置对反应流场混合均匀的影响。其次,为增强反应体系间的混合程度提高转化率,改进了传统反应釜的进料管形式,设计了文丘里进料管的反应釜强化装置,分别从进料管的流场模拟和强化装置制备生物柴油的实验两个方面,研究了改进后的反应釜强化装置利用水力空化作用对酸化油制备生物柴油强化的影响。从模拟和实验结果分析得出,文丘里进料管反应装置能显著提高酸化油酯化过程的产率,在一定范围内,生物柴油的产率随空化强度的增大而增大,且在实验条件下,最佳文丘里进料管的喉部直径为8mm,扩散角为7°。最后,以大中型生物柴油生产工艺为背景,针对目前工艺流程存在的转化率低和后处理复杂等问题,进行工艺流程的研究,设计了适合酸化油的连续式酸碱催化生产生物柴油的工艺流程,并运用Chem CAD建立工艺流程模拟,模拟结果表明,各物流的工艺参数均满足要求,且生物柴油纯度达99.56%,说明了工艺的可行性。
[Abstract]:Biodiesel is a kind of safe and stable renewable green energy. The development of biodiesel not only fills the demand for diesel oil in economic development but also effectively reduces the atmospheric pollution caused by petrochemical diesel. In the production of biodiesel, raw materials are the key factors restricting the development of biodiesel. Using low and extensive acidified oil to produce biodiesel can not only realize the full utilization of waste oil, but also greatly reduce the production cost of biodiesel. It has good economic benefit and social significance. At present, most of the studies on biodiesel are focused on refined oils, but relatively few on waste oils. At the same time, the reaction efficiency is low due to the uneven mixing of alcohols and oils in esterification process. Based on the above situation, the optimum process parameters, reaction intensifier and technological process for the production of biodiesel from acidified oil were studied in this paper with acidified oil as raw material. Firstly, the optimum process parameters were studied. On the basis of determining the physical and chemical indexes of feedstock, the process scheme of preparing biodiesel by acid-base two-step catalytic method was determined, and the range of process parameters of esterification process was pointed out. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were designed. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: reaction temperature 55 鈩，

本文编号：2035201