常压蒸馏实体仿真装置控制系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:48

本文选题：常压蒸馏 + PLC　；参考：《燕山大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油炼制工业在国民经济中属于重要产业之一,石油对任何一个国家都有着极大的影响。原油蒸馏不仅是石化企业中的重要生产环节,也是整个石化生产流程中的龙头环节,常压蒸馏装置作为原油蒸馏中操作复杂、耗能大的生产环节之一,该装置生产水平的高低直接影响着企业的经济效益。石化企业现在面临的问题就是如何培养大量新入职的操作人员和技术人员,使他们尽快地熟悉自己的岗位,提高他们的实践经验和合作能力,能够独立操作和管理。鉴于此,本文在分析常压蒸馏生产工艺及特点的基础上,结合控制理论、机械、仪表、计算机、软件工程等方面的相关知识,面向石化企业和职业院校设计了一种常压蒸馏实体仿真培训装置的控制系统。本文的主要研究内容如下:首先,简单叙述了国内外石油化工企业生产培训装置的发展和研究现状,在具体分析常压蒸馏生产工艺的基础上,从系统功能入手,以西门子的中小型PLC S7-300作为逻辑控制器并设计了常压蒸馏实体仿真装置控制系统的硬件系统,包括主要设备的选择以及控制电路的设计。其次,针对初馏塔电加热炉温度控制系统对原有的PID控制算法进行了改进。先详细分析了模糊PID算法的理论,之后提出了一种基于遗传算法优化量化因子和比例因子的模糊PID控制器,并在Matlab仿真软件中对控制算法进行了仿真分析,验证了控制器的可行性。最后,完成了人机界面的设计。设计采用组态王6.53进行二次开发,工程人员通过其可以直接观察到生产的工艺流程、查看系统运行信息、进行数据处理、参数的修改等等。经过现场调试确保系统正常运行的情况下,通过对比组态王曲线发现模糊PID的控制效果优于PID控制,更加适用于本控制系统。
[Abstract]:Petroleum refining industry is one of the important industries in the national economy. Crude oil distillation is not only an important production link in petrochemical enterprises, but also a leading link in the whole petrochemical production process. As one of the complex and energy-consuming production links in crude oil distillation, the atmospheric pressure distillation unit, The production level of the plant directly affects the economic benefits of the enterprise. The problem faced by petrochemical enterprises is how to train a large number of new operators and technicians so that they can become familiar with their positions as soon as possible, improve their practical experience and cooperation ability, and be able to operate and manage independently. In view of this, on the basis of analyzing the production technology and characteristics of atmospheric distillation, this paper combines the relevant knowledge of control theory, machinery, instrument, computer, software engineering, etc. A control system for simulation training unit of atmospheric distillation entity is designed for petrochemical enterprises and vocational colleges. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the development and research status of production training units in petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad are briefly described. Based on the concrete analysis of atmospheric distillation production process, the system functions are introduced. Taking Siemens S7-300 as logic controller, the hardware system of the control system of atmospheric distillation entity simulation device is designed, including the selection of main equipment and the design of control circuit. Secondly, the original pid control algorithm is improved for the temperature control system of electric heating furnace of primary distillation tower. Firstly, the theory of fuzzy pid algorithm is analyzed in detail, then a fuzzy pid controller based on genetic algorithm optimization quantization factor and scale factor is proposed, and the control algorithm is simulated and analyzed in Matlab simulation software. The feasibility of the controller is verified. Finally, the design of man-machine interface is completed. The design adopts Kingview 6.53 for secondary development, through which engineers can directly observe the production process, view system operation information, process data, modify parameters, and so on. After field debugging to ensure the normal operation of the system, the fuzzy pid control effect is found to be better than pid control by contrasting Kingview curve, which is more suitable for this control system.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE96;TP273

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