水力喷砂射孔压裂工艺研究及关键部件力学分析

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:43

本文选题：水力喷砂压裂 + 喷砂器　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水力喷砂射孔压裂是将射孔工艺、压裂工艺“一体化”的新型增储上产、改造地层流道、提高导流能力的重要举措,相对于传统的爆炸射孔、然后再压裂具有得天独厚的优势。喷嘴的性能和使用寿命直接影响水力喷砂射孔压裂的最终效果,同时对降低压裂施工时间、实现施工提质提速、获得更高经济效益具有至关重要的作用,对喷嘴材质选择和不同形状喷嘴、不同锥角喷嘴在高速射流时内部流场特性研究是必要的。同时在确保施工安全的前提下创新压裂方式,从减少支撑剂通过喷嘴数量为切入点,如何优化压裂工艺,显得迫切需要解决。本文对水力喷砂压裂工艺机理进行了简要介绍,介绍了从试油到压裂各具体工序,分析了技术优点和工艺适应性条件;选择了两种不同喷嘴材质进行了磨料磨损对比实验,选择了七种不同喷嘴材质进行了冲刷磨损对比实验,得出制作喷嘴的最佳材质为陶瓷。建立了四种锥角的喷嘴有限元分析模型,并对其进行力学分析,强度均满足要求。本文还对压裂工艺进行了优化,从压裂液注入方式、压裂井口装置改造、施工参数的优化等方面进行了研究和尝试,并以水平井压裂作为实例,现场应用表明油管注入喷砂射孔、油套环空注入压裂的工艺适应于低渗透油气层套管完井的水平井增储上产改造;设计的陶瓷喷嘴能够有效射穿套管、水泥环和目的地层,喷嘴磨蚀较小,喷枪本体无明显损坏,满足连续施工要求,为下步推广提供了可行性的依据。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing is an important measure to increase reservoir production, improve formation flow channel and improve conductivity by combining perforation technology and fracturing technology. Compared with traditional explosive perforation, hydraulic sand blasting perforation has unique advantages. The performance and service life of the nozzle directly affect the final effect of hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing. At the same time, it is very important to reduce the time of fracturing, to improve the quality and speed of operation, and to obtain higher economic benefit. It is necessary to study the internal flow field characteristics of nozzle with different shapes and different conical angles at high speed jet. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring the safety of operation, it is urgent to solve the problem of how to optimize the fracturing process from reducing the number of proppant through nozzles. In this paper, the mechanism of hydraulic sand blasting fracturing technology is briefly introduced, the concrete working procedures from oil testing to fracturing are introduced, the technical advantages and process adaptability conditions are analyzed, and two different nozzle materials are selected for abrasive wear contrast experiments. Seven kinds of nozzle materials were selected to carry out scour and wear contrast experiment, and the best material for nozzle was ceramic. The finite element analysis model of four kinds of nozzle with conical angle is established, and the mechanical analysis is carried out. The strength of the nozzle meets the requirement. In this paper, the fracturing technology is optimized, including fracturing fluid injection mode, fracturing wellhead device modification, optimization of operation parameters, and taking horizontal well fracturing as an example. Field application shows that tubing injection and sand blasting perforation, oil casing injection and fracturing are suitable for the production improvement of horizontal wells with casing completion in low permeability reservoirs, and the designed ceramic nozzles can effectively perforate the casing, cement ring and destination layers. The nozzle erosion is small and the spray gun body is not obviously damaged, which meets the requirements of continuous construction and provides a feasible basis for the next promotion.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.1

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