河南中马村矿辅助层开采煤层气研究与实践

发布时间：2018-06-24 08:00

本文选题：煤层气 + 辅助层　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：河南省焦作市中马村矿二叠系下统山西组二1煤层属于典型的高阶构造碎裂煤,该层位平均吨煤含气量为10.98m3/t,前期在该矿区及周边共完成地面钻井50口进行压裂和煤层气抽采,但由于地质原因,钻井、压裂、排采技术落后,均以失败告终,单井最高产气量不足1000 m3/d。本文分析和研究了对河南省焦作市中马村矿二叠系下统山西组二1煤层中煤层气的有效开发。总结前期失败原因的基础之上,借鉴煤矿“解放层”抽采煤层气的原理,在国内首次提出“辅助层”开采煤层气的新思路,即:在煤层的顶板部署一个U型井组,该井组由一个直井和一口水平井对接连通组成,将水平井与储层接触面积大和直井排采工艺简单的两个优势结合到一起,实现对该地区煤层气的有效开发。本文重点介绍了该项工程的钻井工程、压裂工程和排采工程。在钻井工程实施中,先钻一口中马U1V直井,钻至煤层底板,以下套管、固井的方式完井。在煤层顶板处下一根φ177.8mm玻璃钢套管,固井、候凝、测声幅之后,将玻璃钢套管处造一个长约7米、直井400mm的穴,降低对接难度。随后钻一口中马U1H水平井,先打导眼井,后进行悬空定向侧钻。水平段采用采用RMRS旋转导向技术和LWD随钻测井技术,参照煤矿工作面运输巷剖面地质图,根据动力钻具提供的电阻率和自然伽马曲线,对造斜钻具角度进行调整,确保水平井眼轨迹在煤层顶面以上5m左右的砂岩内。对接成功后,直井用砾石填充、水泥封堵,保证水平井下套管、固井、射孔、压裂顺利完成。由于水平段埋深500m左右,传统水力压裂难以形成竖直裂缝沟通煤层与顶板,经研究定向水力喷射压裂技术可以很好解决该深度造垂直裂缝的问题。同时,水力喷射压裂可以实现单趟管柱的射孔、压裂作业和拖动管柱的分段压裂,提高作业效率。在充分总结该地区失败教训的基础上,借鉴其他成功开发案例,研究制定了排采控制四阶段方案。采用煤层气智能排采设备替代抽油机、电潜泵等传统设备,实现精细排采,保证煤层稳定排液,煤层压力持续、缓慢下降,防止因过量排液而导致煤层激荡,引起煤粉堵塞通道。
[Abstract]:The coal seam No. 21 of the Lower Permian Shanxi formation in Zhongmaocun Mine, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, is a typical high-order structural fragmentation coal, with an average gas content of 10.98 m ~ (3 / t) per ton of coal. In the early stage, 50 surface drilling wells were completed in and around the mine area to carry out fracturing and coalbed methane extraction. However, due to geological reasons, drilling, fracturing, and drainage techniques lagged behind, all of which ended in failure. The maximum gas yield in a single well was less than 1000 m3 / d. In this paper, the effective development of coalbed methane in coal seam 21 of Lower Permian Shanxi formation in Zhongmacun Mine of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province is analyzed and studied. On the basis of summing up the causes of early failure and drawing lessons from the principle of coal mine "liberating bed" extraction and mining coalbed methane, a new idea of "auxiliary bed" mining coal bed methane is put forward for the first time in China, that is, a U-type well group is deployed in the roof of coal seam. The well group is composed of a straight well and a horizontal well, which combines the two advantages of large contact area between horizontal well and reservoir and simple production process of horizontal well to realize the effective development of coalbed methane in this area. This paper mainly introduces the drilling engineering, fracturing engineering and production discharge engineering of this project. In the drilling project, the way to complete the well completion is to drill the Ma U1V vertical well into the floor of the coal seam, the casing below and the cementing method. After a 蠁 177.8mm fiberglass casing, cementing, weathering and acoustic amplitude logging, is made at the top of coal seam, a hole about 7 meters long and 400mm in the vertical well is built to reduce the difficulty of docking. Then drilling a mouth Ma U 1 H horizontal well, first drilling hole, then the suspension directional sidetracking. In the horizontal section, RMRS rotary guidance technology and LWD logging technology are used to adjust the angle of oblique drilling tool according to the resistivity and natural gamma curve provided by the power drilling tool, referring to the geological map of the transport roadway section of the coal face, and according to the electric resistivity and the natural gamma curve provided by the power drilling tool. Ensure that the horizontal well trajectory is in the sandstone of about 5 m above the top of the coal seam. After docking successfully, the vertical well is filled with gravel, cement is plugged, and horizontal downhole casing, cementing, perforation and fracturing are successfully completed. It is difficult for traditional hydraulic fracturing to form vertical fractures to connect coal seam and roof because of the buried depth of about 500m in horizontal section. The problem of vertical fracture can be well solved by studying directional hydraulic jet fracturing technology. At the same time, hydraulic jet fracturing can realize perforation of single string, fracturing operation and segmental fracturing of drag string, and improve operation efficiency. On the basis of summing up the failure lessons of this area and drawing lessons from other successful development cases, the four-stage scheme of drainage and mining control is developed. The intelligent coal bed methane drainage equipment is used to replace the traditional equipment, such as pumping unit and electric submersible pump, to realize fine drainage, to ensure stable drainage of fluid in coal seam, and to keep the pressure of coal seam falling slowly, so as to prevent coal seam from aggravation caused by excessive discharge of liquid. Cause pulverized coal to block the passage.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE37

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