污水站离心式污泥减量化处理工艺方案研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 13:52

本文选题：含油污泥 + 离心分离　；参考：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在油田集输系统中,泥沙不断沉积在各类储罐底部,与原油形成含油污泥。原油集输过程中加入的各种化学药剂,使得含油污泥乳化严重、粘度大、物理化学性质稳定,给含油污泥处理带来一定困难。大庆油田采油厂率先引进调质—机械离心分离技术,取得了良好效果。卧螺离心机作为调质—机械离心分离技术的核心设备,研究其经济运行方案对于含油污泥减量化处理具有重要意义。由于卧螺离心机运行参数和含油污泥的物性参数息息相关,且含油污泥物性参数具有不确定性,所以难以得到卧螺离心机经济运行方案。针对上述问题,本文通过Fluent软件,采用滑移网格模型,结合Eular多相流模型,对卧螺离心机内流场进行数值模拟分析。由数值计算得到了离心机内各相分布规律以及离心机内速度场分布规律,发现在卧螺离心机径向上存在速度梯度,轴向上速度分布和相分布比较均匀,在离心机柱段形成了稳定的分离场。但是,离心机入口附近区域出现强烈涡旋,影响了速度场和两相分布场。在此基础上,研究了卧螺离心机转速、差速以及离心机进泥量和含油污泥含水率对含油污泥减量化处理效果的影响规律。为了验证数值计算结果,在大庆油田采油三厂污水站进行现场试验。通过调整卧螺离心机转速和差速,并根据样品化验分析结果,分析得到现场试验结果与数值计算结果之间绝对误差均在10%以内。以数值计算结果为依据,采用正交试验法设计试验,确定了影响含油污泥各个因素的主次顺序,优化了离心机运行方案,优化后污泥平均含水率由92%降至46%。
[Abstract]:In oil gathering and transportation system, sediment is deposited at the bottom of all kinds of tanks, which forms oily sludge with crude oil. Various kinds of chemical agents added in the process of crude oil gathering and transportation make oily sludge emulsified seriously, its viscosity is high, and its physical and chemical properties are stable, which brings some difficulties to the treatment of oily sludge. Daqing Oil production Plant first introduced the technology of temperature-mechanical centrifugal separation, and achieved good results. As the core equipment of temperature-mechanical centrifuge separation, it is of great significance to study its economic operation scheme for the reduction treatment of oily sludge. Due to the fact that the operating parameters of the horizontal centrifuge are closely related to the physical parameters of oily sludge and the physical parameters of the oily sludge are uncertain, it is difficult to obtain the economic operation scheme of the horizontal screw centrifuge. In order to solve the above problems, the flow field in a horizontal spiral centrifuge is numerically simulated by fluent software, a sliding mesh model and an Eular multiphase flow model. The distribution law of each phase in centrifuge and velocity field in centrifuge are obtained by numerical calculation. It is found that velocity gradient exists in the radial direction of horizontal spiral centrifuge, and the velocity distribution and phase distribution are uniform in axial direction. A stable separation field is formed in the column section of the centrifuge. However, there is a strong vortex near the entrance of the centrifuge, which affects the velocity field and the two-phase distribution field. On this basis, the effects of rotating speed, differential speed of horizontal screw centrifuge, the quantity of sludge in centrifuge and the moisture content of oily sludge on the reduction of oily sludge were studied. In order to verify the results of numerical calculation, field tests were carried out at the sewage station of No.3 Oil recovery Plant in Daqing Oilfield. By adjusting the rotational speed and differential speed of the horizontal spiral centrifuge and according to the results of the sample analysis, the absolute error between the field test results and the numerical calculation results is within 10%. Based on the results of numerical calculation, the orthogonal test was used to design the main and secondary order of the factors affecting the oily sludge, and the operation scheme of the centrifuge was optimized. The average moisture content of the sludge decreased from 92% to 46% after the optimization.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X741

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