基于水力瞬变分析的输油管线漏失检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 23:06

本文选题：水力瞬变理论 + MATLAB编程　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,通过管道进行长距离输油已经逐渐的占据了油品输送方式的重要部分,这种运输工具是一种专门由生产地向市场输送的方式,是整个运输网络中主干线输送的组成部分。但是随之产生的管道漏失严重影响着运输的成本,尤其是长距离输油管线的泄露不仅使自然环境受到了污染,而且浪费了宝贵的不可再生资源。在资源逐渐匮乏的未来,解决输油管道漏失刻不容缓。当长距离输油管线发生漏失时,精确的获知漏失位置和漏失量等参数值是有效解决问题的基础,需要寻找一种快捷,精准的方式得到漏失参数。论文围绕长输油管线的漏失检测进行分析,利用等温输油管道的实验台,对有无漏失情况、不同漏失点、不同漏失量等单一变量工况进行实验测量,针对得到的数据进行处理分析。基于瞬变流的水击理论,使用特征线法,利用MATLAB软件进行编程,对长距离输油管道的漏失检测进行数值分析。通过实验的数据和数值计算的结果进行对比,得到压力响应的结果。结果显示漏失出现之后,由于物质流失而引发的局部密度减小,导致瞬时压降和速度差等现象的产生,这种压力呈现的变化在整个管道中传播,影响着压力检测点出现了不同于无漏失的压力响应规律。漏失的瞬变压力响应幅值低于无漏失瞬变工况,而且衰减强烈;随着漏失点位置距离水锤发生源越近,压力响应的振幅会越小,衰减较快,故而在检测漏失时,外界给予的激励应当选取水击发生源距离漏失点较远的位置。而压力检测点的不同位置亦检测到了不同的压力响应,距离水击发生源位置越近,压力响应越明显,振荡更加清晰,故压力检测点选取振幅较大、衰减较慢的压力点更加合理,也就是与水击发生源距离较近的点作为压力检测点更能够提高漏失检测的准确性。通过实验操作和MATLAB编程进行数值计算,实现了实验和数值模拟相结合的方式,提供了对于在日后实际工程中,以软件为主、硬件为辅的结合分析方式。利用真实测得的实验数据作为响应进行整个系统的寻优计算,利用反问题分析的方法对整个长距离输油管道进行漏失系统辨识。将数值模拟的计算结果和实验中的数据进行迭代实现最优化,通过MATLAB编程得到当漏失在管道中发生,各点的压力值对漏失的敏感度分析,敏感度较高的位置点对于漏失的响应更为显著,这对于在实际管路中设置压力检测点提供了重要的参考依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, long-distance oil transportation through pipelines has gradually occupied an important part of the oil product transportation mode, which is a special mode of transportation from production places to the market. It is an integral part of the main line transportation in the whole transportation network. However, the resulting pipeline leakage seriously affects the transportation cost, especially the leakage of long-distance oil pipelines not only pollutes the natural environment, but also wastes valuable non-renewable resources. In the future of resource scarcity, it is urgent to solve the leakage of oil pipeline. When leakage occurs in long distance pipeline, it is necessary to find a quick and accurate way to get the leakage parameters, which is the basis of solving the problem. In this paper, the leakage detection of long oil pipeline is analyzed, and the single variable conditions, such as leakage, different leakage points and different leakage amount, are measured by using the experiment bench of isothermal oil pipeline. Based on the instantaneous water hammer theory, the characteristic line method and MATLAB software are used to program the leakage detection of long distance oil pipeline. The results of pressure response are obtained by comparing the experimental data with the numerical results. The results show that the local density caused by material loss decreases after the leakage occurs, resulting in the occurrence of instantaneous pressure drop and velocity difference, and the variation of the pressure appears to propagate through the whole pipeline. The pressure response law of pressure detection points is different from that of no leakage. The amplitude of the transient pressure response of the leakage is lower than that of the non-leakage transient condition, and the attenuation is strong. The smaller the amplitude of the pressure response is and the faster the pressure response is when the leakage point is close to the source of the water hammer, so when the leakage is detected, The source of water hammer should be located far from the leakage point. Different pressure responses are also detected at different locations of the pressure detection points. The closer the location of the water hammer source is, the more obvious the pressure response is and the more clear the oscillation is, so the amplitude of the pressure detection point is larger, and the pressure point with slower attenuation is more reasonable. That is, the point close to the water source can improve the accuracy of leak detection. Through the experiment operation and MATLAB programming, the method of combining experiment and numerical simulation is realized, and the method of combining software and hardware is provided. The real measured experimental data are used as the response to the optimization calculation of the whole system, and the leakage system identification of the whole long-distance oil pipeline is carried out by using the inverse problem analysis method. The results of numerical simulation and experimental data are iterated to realize the optimization, and the sensitivity analysis of the pressure values of each point to the leakage is obtained by MATLAB programming when the leakage occurs in the pipeline. The response to leakage is more significant at the point with higher sensitivity, which provides an important reference for setting up pressure detection points in the actual pipeline.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6

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