减阻剂减阻效果评价与预测技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 05:44

本文选题：油品减阻剂 + 减阻机理　；参考：《西安石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着输油管网规模的增大和油品需求量的不断增加,管道输送在集输系统中所占的比重日益增大,如何实现输油管道减阻增输,在实现提高经济效益的同时有效控制管道输送弹性显得尤为重要。近年来减阻剂已实现大规模的工业化应用,但这种具有减阻增输、调节管道输送弹性的新型聚合物,其使用规范及效果预测体系严重缺失,使得所有管输公司只能通过现场“试”验的方法,进行减阻剂的优选及加剂浓度的确定。给减阻剂在设计阶段的工艺优化、运行阶段的推广应用、输油事业的节能降耗带来了极大的限制。针对减阻剂应用、效果预测方面存在的不足和问题,本文主要进行减阻剂减阻效果评价模型的建立与优化、减阻剂性能评价指标的提出及减阻效果在线评价软件的开发。以实现输油管道从设计阶段的优化,运行阶段的减阻增输,整个运行管理更合理、经济。首先,由于目前减阻机理尚不十分明确,本文通过对各种减阻机理假说进行分析研究,综合从减阻剂对流体湍流结构、减阻剂聚合物分子本身性质与聚合物分子在湍流中的运动特征等方向入手,对减阻机理及减阻剂作用过程、作用原理进行分析,加以室内环道试验及前人微观研究结果佐证,提出“过渡层湍流附加应力抑制说”,此机理弥补了前期几种假说的不足,可以合理解释减阻剂作用过程出现的各种现象。其次,针对目前减阻效果预测公式缺失现状,本课题根据前期减阻机理研究和影响因素分析,从加剂前后增输率、摩阻系数变化情况和数据拟合三个方向出发,建立三个减阻效果评价模型,给出模型求解方法。应用西部管道公司所辖管线减阻剂试验数据进行模型验证,从而证明该预测评价系统的准确性。最后,针对前期研究成果及厂家提供的减阻剂说明中的不足,提出减阻剂性能评价指标,指导减阻剂厂家处理出厂前的试验数据,并计算对应减阻剂性能评价指标,以实现用户的有据参考,避免盲目试验。同时开发减阻效果在线评价软件,实时读取加减阻剂后管线减阻率、增输率。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the scale of the pipeline network and the increasing demand for oil products, the proportion of pipeline transportation in the gathering and transportation system is increasing day by day. It is very important to control the elasticity of pipeline transportation effectively while improving economic benefit. In recent years, the drag-reducing agent has been applied on a large scale, but the new polymer, which has the characteristics of reducing drag and increasing transportation and regulating the elasticity of pipeline transportation, has a serious lack of its usage specification and effect prediction system. So that all pipeline companies can only select the drag reducing agent and determine the concentration of the additive by the method of field test. The optimization of drag-reducing agent in the design stage, the popularization and application of the operation stage, and the energy saving and consumption reduction of oil transportation cause have brought great limitations. In view of the shortcomings and problems in the application and effect prediction of drag reducing agent, this paper mainly discusses the establishment and optimization of the evaluation model of drag reduction effect of drag reducing agent, the performance evaluation index of drag reducing agent and the development of online evaluation software for drag reduction effect. In order to optimize the pipeline from the design stage and reduce the drag and increase the transportation in the operation stage, the whole operation management is more reasonable and economical. First of all, because the mechanism of drag reduction is not very clear at present, through the analysis and research of various kinds of drag reduction mechanism hypothesis, this paper synthetically analyzes the turbulent structure of fluid by drag reducing agent. The properties of drag reducer polymer molecules and the movement characteristics of polymer molecules in turbulent flow are analyzed. The mechanism of drag reduction, the process of drag reducing agents and the action principle are analyzed. The theory of additional stress suppression in transition layer turbulence is put forward. This mechanism makes up for the deficiency of several previous hypotheses and can reasonably explain various phenomena in the process of drag reducer action. Secondly, in view of the present situation of the absence of the prediction formula for drag reduction effect, according to the previous study of drag reduction mechanism and the analysis of the influencing factors, this paper starts from three directions: the increasing transportation rate before and after adding agent, the change of friction coefficient and the data fitting. Three evaluation models of drag reduction effect are established, and the method of solving the model is given. The model is verified by using the test data of drag reducing agent for pipeline under the jurisdiction of Western Pipeline Company, and the accuracy of the prediction and evaluation system is proved. Finally, in view of the deficiencies in the previous research results and the description of drag reducing agents provided by manufacturers, the performance evaluation indexes of drag reducers are put forward to guide the manufacturers to deal with the test data before they leave the factory, and to calculate the performance evaluation indexes of the corresponding drag-reducing agents. In order to achieve user reference, avoid blind test. At the same time, the online evaluation software of drag reduction effect is developed to read the drag reduction rate and increase transmission rate of pipeline after adding drag reducing agent in real time.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE869

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