钻井三缸泥浆泵振动测试与典型故障分析

发布时间：2018-07-05 09:55

本文选题：三缸泥浆泵 + 振动测试　；参考：《东北石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着石油开采方式的不断完善发展,针对钻井泥浆泵故障的评估、预测、应对技术已经越来越完善。一些有效而成熟的故障诊断方法不断开发出来,其中比较具有代表性的诊断方法包括基于振动信号的钻井泥浆泵故障诊断法、基于观察参数的钻井泥浆泵故障诊断法等等,这些方法各有优缺点,也在一段时期之内被广泛应用。本文创新性地将基于振动测试的设备诊断模式应用于钻井泥浆泵的故障分析之中,从而使设备故障的诊断准确性得到显著的提升,诊断难度降低,诊断结果更具可信度。因为往复机械设备往往具有很复杂的构造,设备内部存在较多的激励源,由于构造的复杂而导致易损件多于其他种类的设备,而其信号的属性复杂因而处理难度高,这些均成为石油钻井泥浆泵难以进行故障定位分析的原因。本文首先回顾三缸钻井泥浆泵的物理构造,阐述三缸钻井泥浆泵的原理,总结泥浆泵的常见故障,从动力端故障和液力端故障两方面对故障进行总结,阐述常见的泥浆泵故障检测方法。然后对泥浆泵进行振动测试与故障模拟,结合三缸泥浆泵的工作原理以及常见故障,在实验室构建出针对泥浆泵设备的故障试验台,以泥浆泵的故障信息传递路径作为研究对象,对其故障现象和原因进行详尽的仿真分析。接着构建泥浆泵故障诊断方案,并对三缸泥浆泵进行基于故障信息传递路径的故障仿真分析,进一步证实故障点的具体位置,对故障的程度和种类进行判别。通过对典型故障的诊断实践,选取某大型油田钻井队的3NB-1300C型泥浆泵作为研究对象进行分析。结合基于故障信息传递路径的故障分析方法,进行故障信息传递路径的确定,对故障信息传递路径进行分析,结合测点水平振动时域图,得到测点的有效值和振动烈度数据,推知真正的故障部位,与泥浆泵现行勘察结果对比,证实本研究所构建的故障诊断方法的有效性,因此可以说对于往复机械的故障诊断理论发展和实践具有很好的推广价值。
[Abstract]:With the development of oil production mode, the evaluation, prediction and response technology of drilling mud pump fault are becoming more and more perfect. Some effective and mature fault diagnosis methods have been developed, including vibration signal based drilling mud pump fault diagnosis method, drilling mud pump fault diagnosis method based on observation parameters and so on. These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and are also widely used in a period of time. This paper innovatively applies the equipment diagnosis mode based on vibration test to the fault analysis of drilling mud pump, which improves the accuracy of equipment fault diagnosis, reduces the difficulty of diagnosis, and makes the diagnosis result more reliable. Because reciprocating mechanical equipment often has very complex structure, there are many excitation sources inside the equipment, because the structure is complicated, the easily damaged parts are more than other kinds of equipment, and its signal property is complex, so it is very difficult to process. These are the reasons why oil drilling mud pump is difficult to fault location analysis. This paper first reviews the physical structure of the three-cylinder drilling mud pump, expounds the principle of the three-cylinder drilling mud pump, summarizes the common faults of the mud pump, and summarizes the faults from the power end fault and the hydraulic end fault. The common methods of mud pump fault detection are described. Then the vibration test and fault simulation of the mud pump are carried out. Combined with the working principle of the three-cylinder mud pump and the common faults, the fault test bench for the mud pump equipment is constructed in the laboratory. Taking the fault information transmission path of mud pump as the research object, the fault phenomena and causes of mud pump are simulated and analyzed in detail. Then the fault diagnosis scheme of mud pump is constructed, and the fault simulation analysis based on fault information transmission path of three-cylinder mud pump is carried out, which further verifies the specific location of fault point, and discriminates the degree and type of fault. Through the diagnosis of typical faults, the 3NB-1300C mud pump of a large oil drilling team is selected as the research object. Combined with the fault analysis method based on the fault information transmission path, the fault information transmission path is determined, the fault information transmission path is analyzed, and the measuring point horizontal vibration time domain diagram is combined to obtain the effective value and vibration intensity data of the measuring point. The comparison between the actual fault location and the current investigation results of mud pump proves the validity of the fault diagnosis method constructed in this paper. Therefore, it can be said that it is of great value for the development and practice of fault diagnosis theory of reciprocating machinery.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE92

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