西江油田24-3平台至23-1平台管道清管工艺研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:31

  本文选题：油水混输 + 蜡沉积　； 参考：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：西江油田24-3平台至23-1平台海底管道输送介质为含水原油,原油中蜡含量为26.27%(m/m),管道将进行置换介质前的清管。管壁上若存在蜡沉积层,清管器在管道内运行过程中会受到蜡沉积的抗剪阻力,且清出的积蜡在管道前端会增加清管器的阻力,一旦清出的积蜡过多形成蜡塞,将会影响清管器的安全运行。 因此为保证原油管道清管操作安全,对管道进行沿程蜡沉积状况分析、清管器运行过程分析与清管风险预测,选择适宜的清管器、制定科学完善的清管方案及应急处置预案显得至关重要,以便在故障发生时及时采取应急处置措施,确保清管过程科学、安全、高效。针对这些问题,本论文展开了一系列研究,主要工作如下： (1)通过该管道的设计资料、运行数据资料、历史检测报告等资料整理出该管道的材料、路由、输送介质、传热系数、内壁粗糙度、环境温度、管道附件、检测记录等数据,为后续的管道沿程蜡沉积状况研究工作、清管器运行过程分析工作及清管预案制定工作提供可靠的基础数据支撑。 (2)在管道沿程蜡沉积状况研究中,本论文首先采用“活化能法”确定油品的析蜡点,判断该管道有蜡沉积趋势,随后计算管道沿程蜡沉积厚度。在蜡沉积厚度的计算中,综合考虑各种蜡沉积模型,选择“黄启玉模型”进行管道沿程蜡沉积速率的计算。经过理论计算得出,管道内从距离起点8km处开始有蜡沉积层,且随着与起点的距离越大,蜡沉积厚度先增加,在距离起点19km后蜡沉积层开始减薄。 (3)在清管器运行过程分析中,本论文首先根据该管道的情况从现场能提供的几种清管器中选择了适合于该管道的清管器。由于该管道的此次清管作业是通过水推动清管器的方式进行清管,且清管器前端流体为含积蜡的液固相混合物。因此本论文根据国内外学者研究成果及该管道沿程蜡沉积状况研究的结果,对原油清管模型进行修正,建立出适合于该管道情况的清管模型,对已选出的清管器在不同推动流体流量下进行清管模拟计算。得到在不同推动流体流量下,不同清管器的运行速度以及沿程压力的变化规律,为之后的清管预案的制定工作提供可靠数据。 (4)在清管风险分析过程中,鉴于该清管是在停输后进行清管,停输后油品温度不断下降,一旦温度降至凝固点(39℃时)以下,原油开始凝固,加大清管器卡堵的风险。本论文除了分析清管过程中的卡球风险、压力过高风险,还对原油凝结的风险进行了分析。通过对不同清管器进行清管风险分析,最终选择直板清管器c在推动流体流量不超过6000m3/d的情况下进行清管作业,并建议在停输后97.22小时内完成整个清管作业,然后制定收发球作业程序及清管应急处置程序,为该管道的清管作业提供理论分析,最大程度保证清管作业的安全有效。
[Abstract]:The pipeline transport medium from platform 24-3 to platform 23-1 in Xijiang Oilfield is water-cut crude oil with a wax content of 26.27% (m / m). If there is a wax deposit layer on the pipe wall, the pipe cleaner will be subjected to the shear resistance of wax deposition during the operation of the pipe, and the wax deposited out will increase the resistance of the pipe cleaner at the front end of the pipe. Once the wax deposit is excessive, the wax plug will be formed. Will affect the safe operation of the pipe cleaner. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of crude oil pipeline cleaning, the wax deposition status along the pipeline is analyzed, the operation process of the pipe cleaner is analyzed and the risk of pipe cleaning is forecasted, and the appropriate pipe cleaner is selected. It is very important to establish a scientific and perfect pipe-clearing plan and emergency disposal plan in order to take emergency measures in time of failure and ensure the process of pigging is scientific, safe and efficient. In order to solve these problems, a series of researches have been carried out in this paper. The main work is as follows: (1) through the data of the pipeline design, operation data, history inspection report and so on, the material, route and transport medium of the pipeline are sorted out. Data such as heat transfer coefficient, inner wall roughness, ambient temperature, pipeline accessories, test records, etc., for the subsequent research work of wax deposition along the pipeline, The analysis of the operation process of the pipe-cleaner and the preparation of the pipe-clearing plan provide reliable basic data support. (2) in the study of the wax deposition along the pipeline, the "activation energy method" is first used to determine the waxing point of the oil. The wax deposition tendency of the pipeline is judged, and the thickness of wax deposition along the pipeline is calculated. In the calculation of wax deposition thickness, taking all kinds of wax deposition models into account, Huang Qi-yu model was chosen to calculate the wax deposition rate along the pipeline. The theoretical calculation shows that there is a wax deposit layer in the pipeline from the distance from the starting point 8km, and the wax deposit thickness increases with the distance from the starting point to the starting point. The wax deposit layer began to thinning after the starting point 19km. (3) in the analysis of the operation process of the pipe cleaner, according to the situation of the pipeline, the paper first selected a pipe cleaner suitable for the pipeline from several kinds of pipe-cleaner which can be provided in the field. Because the pipeline is piped by water to push the pipe-cleaner, and the fluid in the front of the pipe-cleaner is a waxy liquid-solid mixture. Therefore, according to the research results of domestic and foreign scholars and the research results of wax deposition along the pipeline, the model of crude oil pipeline cleaning is revised, and the model suitable for the pipeline condition is established. The pipe-cleaning simulation of the selected pipe-cleaner was carried out under different impelling fluid flow rates. The operating speed and pressure variation law of different pipe-cleaner under different propelling fluid flow are obtained, which provides reliable data for the later pipe-clearing plan. (4) in the process of risk analysis of pipe-clearing, In view of the fact that the pipe-clearing is carried out after stopping the transportation, the oil product temperature drops continuously after the shutdown. Once the temperature drops below the freezing point (39 鈩，

本文编号：2108518