往复式压缩机管道振动疲劳破坏与减振措施研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 14:57

本文选题：管道振动 + 振动分析　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在石油天然气工业中,往复式压缩机是一种重要的增压设备。由于其工作的不连续性,会产生压力脉动问题,从而引起上下游管道与设备发生振动。管道振动剧烈时发生振动疲劳破坏,导致管道气体泄漏,造成安全事故。本文结合理论分析与声学和力学软件计算,分析了引发压缩机管道系统振动的原因,利用ABAQUS软件研究了管道固有频率的变化规律,根据美国石油协会制定的压缩机防振设计方法提出了相对应的振动分析方法,研究了压缩机不同减振措施的减振机理,并利用CAESAR II对苏里格气田天然气压缩机入口管道进行了力学分析与疲劳分析,利用DIMGO程序与CAESAR II软件对2D50型压缩机管道系统进行了减振设计,防止管道发生共振从而导致振动疲劳破坏,保证了管道系统的实际安全运行,具有重要的工程意义。压缩机管道系统中产生振动的原因主要有三种:压缩机活塞的往复运动驱动机身与基础而引发的振动;压缩机吸排气的不连续性使管道内产生压力脉动,从而对管道内气柱形成激发,引起气柱振动;振动着的气柱在管道弯头、阀门、异径管等截面积变化处产生激振力,使管道系统发生机械振动。管道布管方式越简单,弯头数量越少,管道相应的固有频率就越小;约束间距越小,即固定约束数量越多,管道的刚度越大,变形能力越小,管道相应的固有频率也就越大;管卡与管道的接触面积越大,约束管道能力越强,管道相应的固有频率也就越小;管道产生裂纹时,固有频率会减小,但下降幅度不显著。在实践工程设计中,一般根据压缩机的排出压力与压缩机每个气缸的额定功率值来选择防振设计方法。振动分析主要涉及声学分析和力学分析。利用DIMGO程序对压缩机和管道系统的压力脉动情况进行分析。利用CAESAR II主要对管道进行静力分析、动力分析与SN曲线法疲劳分析。通过对苏里格气田天然气压缩机入口管道进行力学分析,得出管道的运行情况处于安全范围的结论。设置缓冲罐、气流脉动衰减器、在管道系统中安装孔板是消减气流脉动的主要减振措施。增加管道支承约束数量或者改变约束方式是防止机械共振的有效措施。对2D50型压缩机管道系统进行减振设计,通过排气缓冲器管路侧法兰处安装孔板,采取增加止推约束与添加防振管卡的调整措施,保证了压缩机管道系统的顺利投产和安全运行。
[Abstract]:Reciprocating compressor is an important supercharging equipment in petroleum and natural gas industry. Because of the discontinuity of its work, the pressure pulsation will occur, which will cause the upstream and downstream pipelines and equipment to vibrate. Vibration fatigue damage occurs when pipeline vibration is intense, resulting in pipeline gas leakage and safety accident. Based on the theoretical analysis and the calculation of acoustic and mechanical software, this paper analyzes the causes of the vibration of the compressor pipeline system, and studies the variation law of the natural frequency of the pipeline by Abaqus software. According to the anti-vibration design method of compressors developed by the American Petroleum Association, a corresponding vibration analysis method is put forward, and the mechanism of vibration reduction of compressors with different damping measures is studied. The mechanical analysis and fatigue analysis of the inlet pipeline of natural gas compressor in Sulige gas field are carried out by using CAESAR II, and the vibration reduction design of the pipeline system of 2D50 compressor is carried out by using DIMGO program and CAESAR II software. It is of great engineering significance to prevent pipeline resonance and lead to vibration fatigue failure and ensure the practical safe operation of pipeline system. There are three main causes of vibration in compressor pipeline system: vibration caused by reciprocating movement of compressor piston to drive fuselage and foundation, discontinuity of compressor suction and exhaust causes pressure pulsation in pipeline, Thus, the gas column in the pipeline is excited, which causes the vibration of the gas column, and the vibrating air column produces the exciting force at the change of the section area of the pipe elbows, valves, diameters and so on, which causes the mechanical vibration of the pipeline system. The simpler the pipe arrangement is, the less the elbow number is, the smaller the natural frequency of the pipe is, the smaller the constraint spacing is, the more the fixed constraint is, the greater the stiffness of the pipe is, the smaller the deformation capacity is, the greater the corresponding natural frequency of the pipeline is. The larger the contact area between the pipe clamp and the pipe is, the stronger the binding capacity of the pipe is, the smaller the corresponding natural frequency of the pipe is, and the smaller the natural frequency is when the pipe cracks occur, but the decrease is not significant. In the practical engineering design, the vibration proof design method is generally selected according to the compressor discharge pressure and the rated power value of each cylinder of the compressor. Vibration analysis mainly involves acoustic analysis and mechanical analysis. The pressure fluctuation of compressor and pipeline system is analyzed by DIMGO program. CAESAR II is mainly used for static analysis, dynamic analysis and SN curve fatigue analysis. Based on the mechanical analysis of the inlet pipeline of natural gas compressor in Sulige gas field, it is concluded that the operation of the pipeline is in the safe range. Installation of buffer tank, air pulsation attenuator and orifice plate in pipeline system are the main damping measures for reducing airflow pulsation. It is an effective measure to prevent mechanical resonance by increasing the number of pipe supports or changing the restraint mode. The vibration reduction design of the 2D50 compressor pipeline system is carried out. Through the installation of orifice plate at the flange side of the exhaust buffer, the adjustment measures of increasing the thrust constraint and adding the anti-vibration pipe card are adopted to ensure the smooth production and safe operation of the compressor pipeline system.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE974

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