基于HYSYS模拟的蜡油加氢装置故障诊断技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 17:28

  本文选题：蜡油加氢 + LOPA分析　； 参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着重质、高硫原油炼制数量的增加以及汽柴油标准升级,加氢技术在石油炼制中得到广泛应用。对减二、减三线蜡油进行加氢处理,可以获得高质量的石油加工产品,并能增产石油化工原料和中间馏分油。但蜡油加氢装置处于高温、高压、临氢等操作环境下,且装置内介质具有易燃、易爆、有毒性,根据GB50160-2008,加氢装置属甲类火灾危险装置。因此,应重点加强蜡油加氢装置的风险控制与预防。因此本文从以下几方面对蜡油加氢装置进行研究:(1)本文通过对某企业蜡油加氢装置进行危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP),系统辨识出装置存在的风险有害因素,并根据企业风险矩阵,判断风险等级,并结合企业常见事故统计及现场工艺专家的意见,选取“循环氢中断,反应器超温,设备破裂泄漏,引发火灾爆炸”、“回流塔顶超温超压,设备破裂泄漏,引发火灾爆炸”等事故场景进行LOPA分析。(2)结合某企业蜡油加氢工艺,运用流程模拟软件HYSYS对蜡油加氢装置的反应部分和分馏部分进行稳态和动态建模。加氢反应器是根据蜡油加氢工艺的原料和产品,将物料分为原料油、柴油、航空煤油、重石脑油、轻石脑油、气体,构造了6集总反应模型。模拟结果与实际运行结果基本一致,符合工程设计要求,建立的模型合理有效。(3)HAZOP分析出导致分馏塔超温的故障原因,运用HYSYS模拟各故障导致分馏塔顶温度变化趋势,通过对温度变化趋势分析,从而实现对分馏塔顶超温的故障诊断。(4)结合LOPA分析结果,并应用HYSYS模拟得出当主分馏塔塔顶中断回流时,降低进料温度由328℃降至298℃,可控制塔顶温度稳定在159℃;当一中回流中断,将进料温度降低23℃,或者进料量降低25%时,可将主分馏塔顶温度控制在设计范围之内。
[Abstract]:With the increase of heavy quality, high sulfur crude oil refining quantity and the upgrading of gasoline and diesel standard, hydrogenation technology has been widely used in petroleum refining. High quality petroleum processing products can be obtained by hydrogenation of the second and third line wax oil, and the production of petrochemical feedstock and intermediate distillate oil can be increased. However, the hydrogenation unit of waxy oil is in the operating environment of high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen, and the medium in the unit is flammable, explosive and toxic. According to GB50160-2008, the hydrogenation unit is a kind of fire hazard unit. Therefore, the risk control and prevention of waxy oil hydrogenation unit should be strengthened. Therefore, this paper studies the waxy oil hydrogenation unit from the following aspects: (1) based on the hazard and maneuverability analysis (HAZOP) of a waxy oil hydrogenation unit in a certain enterprise, the risk and harmful factors of the unit are identified systematically, and the risk matrix of the unit is analyzed according to the enterprise risk matrix. Judging the risk level, combining with the statistics of common accidents in enterprises and the opinions of the experts in the field, selecting "cyclic hydrogen interruption, reactor overtemperature, equipment rupture and leakage, causing fire and explosion", "reflux tower top temperature overpressure, equipment rupture leakage," The scene of fire and explosion was analyzed by LOPA. (2) combined with the process of wax oil hydrogenation in a certain enterprise, the steady and dynamic models of the reaction and fractionation parts of the hydrogenation unit were established by using the process simulation software HYSYS. According to the raw materials and products of the wax oil hydrogenation process, the hydrogenation reactor divides the materials into feedstock oil, diesel oil, aviation kerosene, heavy naphtha, light naphtha and gas. The simulation results are basically consistent with the actual operation results, which accord with the engineering design requirements, and the established model is reasonable and effective. (3) HAZOP analyzes the causes of the faults leading to the overtemperature of the fractionator, and simulates the variation trend of the top temperature of the fractionating tower by using HYSYS. By analyzing the trend of temperature change, the fault diagnosis of the overtemperature of the top of the fractionator is realized. (4) combined with the result of LOPA analysis and the application of HYSYS simulation, it is concluded that when the top of the main fractionator breaks the backflow, the feed temperature will be reduced from 328 鈩，

本文编号：2116028