泄漏油气燃爆灾害下FPSO结构损伤评估与防控措施研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 16:43

【摘要】：海洋油气资源的勘探与开发是我国能源发展战略,随着我国海洋油气工业的蓬勃发展,FPSO(Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units)在渤海、南海等海域油气开采作业中应用愈发广泛。FPSO工艺系统复杂,设备布置紧密,作业环境恶劣,作业风险高。油气泄漏引发的火灾爆炸事故是FPSO面临的最严重的风险,不仅会造成设备损坏、船体报废、重大人员伤亡,还将引发环境灾难。课题结合国家安全生产监督管理总局2014年安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目“FPSO油气泄漏、燃爆连锁事故风险分析及管控技术研究”,开展FPSO油气泄漏燃爆风险量化评估和安全保障技术研究,为提高FPSO作业风险控制能力、保障FPSO作业安全高效进行提供理论支持和技术保障。课题主要研究进展如下:1.FPSO油气泄漏、燃爆连锁事故分析通过调研英国健康安全执行署事故报告,研究英国北海大陆架作业区油气泄漏风险,分析泄漏源、泄漏类型、泄漏分级、泄漏原因等以及作业区FPSO小型、中型、重大油气泄漏事故发生频率。通过调研和建模,采用四种计算模型分析FPSO油气燃爆事故发生频率,计算结果数量级可大致判断FPSO油气泄漏及燃爆风险危险性。2.泄漏油气爆炸载荷下FPSO结构响应分析建立油气泄漏扩散模型,利用FLUNET软件分析原油热处理器泄漏后油气扩散过程和可燃气云分布范围。根据等效TNT法确定可燃气云的TNT当量,利用爆炸分析软件AUTODYN分析爆炸冲击波传播过程和设备对其传播路径的影响,分析爆炸冲击波载荷下各模块设备结构的动态响应过程及其弹塑性状态变化。比较不同泄漏油气当量TNT爆炸后冲击波传播过程及结构受损情况,确定泄漏孔径对燃爆风险的影响。3.泄漏油气火灾下FPSO结构损伤评估研究建立油气燃烧过程数值仿真模型,利用FLUENT软件分析火焰发展过程及各区域温度、热辐射变化规律。结合FLUENT和WORKBENCH热分析模块,分析火灾下结构温度分布。建立热-结构耦合分析模型,分析火灾载荷下结构热变形和应力分布,评估设备受损情况。设置不同泄漏工况和环境条件,分析油气泄漏量和来风风速对火焰发展、火灾载荷、结构损伤情况的影响。4.FPSO油气泄漏、燃爆连锁事故风险控制策略研究从安全屏障角度开展FPSO油气泄漏燃爆连锁风险防控策略研究。建立事故Bow-tie模型,从泄漏控制失效、火源控制失效、油气积聚控制失效方面分析事故原因,从人员、设备和环境方面分析事故后果。建立预防FPSO燃爆事故发生和降低FPSO燃爆事故后果的安全屏障,降低燃爆风险。建立安全屏障失效分析模型,包括活动失效和潜伏失效,分析屏障失效模式。
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources is the strategy of energy development in China. With the vigorous development of offshore oil and gas industry in China, the application of FPSO (floating production Storage and offloading Units) in the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea is becoming more and more extensive. The equipment arrangement is tight, the working environment is bad, the operation risk is high. The fire and explosion accident caused by oil and gas leakage is the most serious risk faced by FPSO, which will not only cause equipment damage, hull scrapping, heavy casualties, but also lead to environmental disaster. The subject combines with the key technology and technology project "FPSO oil and gas leakage, explosion chain accident risk analysis and control technology research" of the State Administration of production Safety Supervision and Administration, 2014, which is the key technology for the prevention and control of major accidents in production safety. In order to improve the risk control ability of FPSO and ensure the safety and efficiency of FPSO, the quantitative evaluation of the oil and gas leakage and explosion risk and the research of safety technology are carried out in order to provide theoretical and technical support. The main research progress of this paper is as follows: 1. Oil and gas leakage of FPSO. Analysis of chain explosion accident. Through investigation and investigation of the accident report of the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive Agency, the risk of oil and gas leakage in the operation area of the North Sea continental shelf in Britain, the analysis of the source, type, and classification of the leakage, Leakage causes, and FPSO small, medium, major oil and gas leakage accident frequency. Through investigation and modeling, four kinds of calculation models are used to analyze the occurrence frequency of FPSO oil and gas explosion accidents. The order of magnitude of the calculation results can roughly judge the risk of FPSO oil and gas leakage and explosion risk. The oil and gas leakage diffusion model was established by the structural response analysis of FPSO under the leaking oil and gas explosion load. The oil and gas diffusion process and the distribution range of the gas cloud after the oil thermal processor leakage were analyzed by Flunet software. According to the equivalent TNT method, the TNT equivalent of the gas cloud is determined. The explosion analysis software AUTODYN is used to analyze the propagation process of the blast wave and the influence of the equipment on its propagation path. The dynamic response process and elastic-plastic state change of each module structure under blast wave load are analyzed. The shock wave propagation process and structure damage after TNT explosion with different leakage oil and gas equivalent were compared, and the influence of leak aperture on explosion risk was determined. Study on damage Assessment of FPSO structure under Oil and Gas leakage Fire the numerical simulation model of oil-gas combustion process is established. The flame development process and temperature and heat radiation variation in different regions are analyzed by fluent software. Combining fluent and WORKBENCH thermal analysis module, the structure temperature distribution under fire is analyzed. The thermal-structural coupling analysis model is established to analyze the thermal deformation and stress distribution of the structure under fire load and to evaluate the damage of the equipment. The effects of oil and gas leakage and wind speed on flame development, fire load and structural damage are analyzed by setting different leakage conditions and environmental conditions. 4. FPSO oil and gas leakage. Study on the risk Control Strategy of explosion chain Accidents; from the point of view of safety barrier, the research on the chain risk control strategy of FPSO oil and gas leakage is carried out. An accident Bow-tie model is established to analyze the causes of the accident from the aspects of leakage control failure, fire source control failure, oil and gas accumulation control failure, and the accident consequences from the aspects of personnel, equipment and environment. A safety barrier is established to prevent the occurrence of FPSO explosion accident and to reduce the consequences of FPSO explosion accident, and to reduce the risk of explosion. A safety barrier failure analysis model is established, including active failure and latent failure, and barrier failure mode is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE58

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