川东北海相生物礁、滩储层地震正演数值模拟研究
发布时间：2018-07-18 08:01
【摘要】：海相碳酸盐岩在我国分布广泛,如今塔里木盆地、四川盆地以及鄂尔多斯盆地已成为我国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点地区。随着海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探技术的提高,己取得普光、元坝、塔中等地区的油气发现和突破。在一定条件下,碳酸盐岩及礁滩是石油和天然气的理想储集场所。碳酸盐岩油气藏以其圈闭类型多、储集性能优越、含油气性良好、产量高等有利因素,一直受到地质学家和地球物理学家的重视。从单纯的碳酸盐岩定义、结构、分类与沉积环境等地质学研究到相储层特征、地震波反射特征、储层识别与预测技术等,都是油气勘探中的重要研究内容。碳酸盐岩隐蔽油气藏勘探由于储层空间分布的非规则性、多尺度性及勘探技术分辨率的限制,在勘探过程中仍然存在诸多困难。鉴于问题的复杂性,目前对储层还难以进行有效识别和预测。针对勘探和解释难点,本文用数值模拟方法研究储层在地震记录上的响应特征规律,研究成果对储层识别和油气预测具有很高的应用价值和实际意义。本文系统介绍了生物礁的形态分类以及分布特征,同时,对生物礁滩储层地震响应特征作了比较全面的分析,为正演模型的制作和正演结果解释奠定了一定的基础。另一方面重点研究了褶积模型地震波场数值模拟方法。通过对各种类型的碳酸盐岩礁滩地层进行地质建模,运用褶积地震波正演成像,建立相应地层的地震响应模式,总结碳酸盐岩反射地震波场识别特征与储层预测方法,一定程度上可以指导油气勘探及解释工作。本论文主要开展了以下几方面的工作:第一、了解生物礁的形态分类、分布特征以及结合实际地震资料分析生物礁滩储层的地震响应,探索碳酸盐岩礁滩的响应特征。第二、详细论述了褶积算法以及褶积法合成地震记录的过程,根据基于控制点二维封闭结构地质体模型建立的策略,掌握了褶积模型正演方法并进行复杂的波场数值试验,并尝试在不同频率下的波场成像,效果很理想。第三、利用褶积法,构建了典型的点礁、塔礁、台地边缘礁和滩等礁滩地质模型并作正演模拟,同时取得了较好的效果。最后结合川东北元坝、盘龙洞等实际地震和地质资料建立褶积正演模型,采用不同频率子波对两个礁、滩模型作褶积正演,分别和原始地震剖面记录进行比较分析,最终认为,对台地边缘礁进行正演数值模拟时采用低频子波较为理想,而对于鲕粒滩则选用中频。这些研究对当前低分辨率条件下碳酸盐岩地震相分析与猜测地质模型的建立具有较好的指导作用。
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate rocks are widely distributed in China. Nowadays, Tarim basin, Sichuan basin and Ordos basin have become the key areas of marine carbonate exploration in China. With the improvement of marine carbonate exploration technology, oil and gas discovery and breakthrough have been made in Puguang, Yuanba and Tazhong areas. Under certain conditions, carbonate rock and reef beach are ideal reservoir places for oil and gas. Carbonate reservoirs have been paid much attention by geologists and geophysicists for their many trap types, superior reservoir performance, good oil and gas bearing properties and high production. From simple geological studies of carbonate rock definition, structure, classification and sedimentary environment to facies reservoir characteristics, seismic wave reflection characteristics, reservoir identification and prediction techniques, are important research contents in oil and gas exploration. There are still many difficulties in the exploration of subtle carbonate reservoirs due to the irregularity, multi-scale and technical resolution of the reservoir spatial distribution. In view of the complexity of the problem, it is difficult to identify and predict the reservoir effectively. In view of the difficulties of exploration and interpretation, this paper uses numerical simulation method to study the characteristics of reservoir response on seismic records. The research results have high application value and practical significance for reservoir identification and oil and gas prediction. In this paper, the morphological classification and distribution characteristics of the reef are systematically introduced. At the same time, the seismic response characteristics of the reef beach reservoir are analyzed comprehensively, which lays a foundation for the making of forward modeling and the interpretation of forward modeling results. On the other hand, the numerical simulation method of seismic wave field of convolution model is studied. Through the geological modeling of various types of carbonate reef beach, the seismic response model of corresponding strata is established by using forward imaging of convolution seismic wave, and the identification characteristics of reflection seismic wave field of carbonate rock and the method of reservoir prediction are summarized. To some extent, it can guide the exploration and interpretation of oil and gas. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, we understand the morphological classification, distribution characteristics and seismic response of reef reservoir, and explore the response characteristics of carbonate reef beach. Secondly, the convolution algorithm and the process of synthesizing seismic records by convolution method are discussed in detail. According to the strategy of building two dimensional closed structure geological body model based on control point, the forward modeling method of convolution model is mastered and the complex wave field numerical experiment is carried out. At the same time, we try to image the wave field at different frequencies, and the effect is very good. Thirdly, by using convolution method, typical geological models of point reef, tower reef, terrace edge reef and beach are constructed and simulated, and good results are obtained. Finally, combining with the actual seismic and geological data, such as Yuanba and Panlong Cave in northeast Sichuan, the forward model of convolution is established. The convolution forward modeling of two reefs and beach models is made by using wavelet with different frequencies, and the comparison and analysis between the model and the original seismic profile record are carried out respectively, and finally, it is concluded that, The low frequency wavelet is ideal for the forward numerical simulation of the platform edge reef, while the middle frequency is used for the oolitic beach. These studies can guide the seismic facies analysis of carbonate rocks and the establishment of geological models under low resolution.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
本文编号：2131260
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate rocks are widely distributed in China. Nowadays, Tarim basin, Sichuan basin and Ordos basin have become the key areas of marine carbonate exploration in China. With the improvement of marine carbonate exploration technology, oil and gas discovery and breakthrough have been made in Puguang, Yuanba and Tazhong areas. Under certain conditions, carbonate rock and reef beach are ideal reservoir places for oil and gas. Carbonate reservoirs have been paid much attention by geologists and geophysicists for their many trap types, superior reservoir performance, good oil and gas bearing properties and high production. From simple geological studies of carbonate rock definition, structure, classification and sedimentary environment to facies reservoir characteristics, seismic wave reflection characteristics, reservoir identification and prediction techniques, are important research contents in oil and gas exploration. There are still many difficulties in the exploration of subtle carbonate reservoirs due to the irregularity, multi-scale and technical resolution of the reservoir spatial distribution. In view of the complexity of the problem, it is difficult to identify and predict the reservoir effectively. In view of the difficulties of exploration and interpretation, this paper uses numerical simulation method to study the characteristics of reservoir response on seismic records. The research results have high application value and practical significance for reservoir identification and oil and gas prediction. In this paper, the morphological classification and distribution characteristics of the reef are systematically introduced. At the same time, the seismic response characteristics of the reef beach reservoir are analyzed comprehensively, which lays a foundation for the making of forward modeling and the interpretation of forward modeling results. On the other hand, the numerical simulation method of seismic wave field of convolution model is studied. Through the geological modeling of various types of carbonate reef beach, the seismic response model of corresponding strata is established by using forward imaging of convolution seismic wave, and the identification characteristics of reflection seismic wave field of carbonate rock and the method of reservoir prediction are summarized. To some extent, it can guide the exploration and interpretation of oil and gas. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, we understand the morphological classification, distribution characteristics and seismic response of reef reservoir, and explore the response characteristics of carbonate reef beach. Secondly, the convolution algorithm and the process of synthesizing seismic records by convolution method are discussed in detail. According to the strategy of building two dimensional closed structure geological body model based on control point, the forward modeling method of convolution model is mastered and the complex wave field numerical experiment is carried out. At the same time, we try to image the wave field at different frequencies, and the effect is very good. Thirdly, by using convolution method, typical geological models of point reef, tower reef, terrace edge reef and beach are constructed and simulated, and good results are obtained. Finally, combining with the actual seismic and geological data, such as Yuanba and Panlong Cave in northeast Sichuan, the forward model of convolution is established. The convolution forward modeling of two reefs and beach models is made by using wavelet with different frequencies, and the comparison and analysis between the model and the original seismic profile record are carried out respectively, and finally, it is concluded that, The low frequency wavelet is ideal for the forward numerical simulation of the platform edge reef, while the middle frequency is used for the oolitic beach. These studies can guide the seismic facies analysis of carbonate rocks and the establishment of geological models under low resolution.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
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1 尹青;礁滩储层地震响应特征的数值模拟及分析[D];成都理工大学;2010年
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