含硅氧烷季铵盐的两亲聚合物的合成及在稠油降粘中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-20 17:52

【摘要】：随着稠油开采程度的加深,稠油降粘剂的设计合成和降粘机理成为研究热点。现有的降粘剂所形成的乳状液过于稳定,破乳脱水困难,导致后处理成本高。理想的降粘剂要求具有高的乳化降粘效率、一定的抗温耐盐性能,重点是所形成的乳状液易于破乳脱水,达到流动降粘、静置脱水的效果。通过在丙烯酰胺类聚合物主链中引入特殊功能的结构单元所制备的聚合物型降粘剂,同时具备功能基团和高分子的优势,因此更具有应用前景。本文主要设计合成了一种可聚合的硅氧烷季铵盐单体(SQ),进一步与丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)进行自由基聚合反应制备系列聚合物,对单体和聚合物的结构及溶液性能进行表征,并研究了聚合物对稠油的降粘性能。论文包含以下几个方面的工作:1,设计合成了一种新型的硅氧烷季铵盐单体(SQ),通过核磁共振、红外光谱等手段对单体分子进行结构表征,同时通过表面张力法、荧光探针法和电导率法研究了硅氧烷季铵盐单体的表面活性,结果表明该单体具备优异的降低水溶液表面张力的能力,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.76g/L,可将水溶液的表面张力降至30.55 mN/m。2,通过自由基溶液聚合法,以自制的硅氧烷季铵盐单体(SQ)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,制备一系列二元聚合物 PASQ(AM/SQ)、PAA(AM/AMPS)和三元聚合物 PAASQ(AM/SQ/AMPS)。通过核磁共振、红外光谱和元素分析测试表征聚合物的结构组成,通过激光光散射测定了聚合物的分子量。TGA和DSC测试结果表明含硅氧烷季铵盐的聚合物具备更强的耐热性能,应用前景广阔。3,通过表面张力、界面张力、荧光光谱、动态光散射和表观粘度测试研究了聚合物的溶液性能,并考察了浓度及温度对聚合物在水溶液中的聚集行为的影响。结果表明,虽然聚合物的表面活性较差,但其界面活性较高,且硅氧烷单体的加入增强了聚合物水溶液对稠油的润湿性能。4,系统研究了聚合物水溶液对稠油的降粘效果,考察了油水比、聚合物的浓度对降粘效果的影响。结果表明,随着油水比的降低和聚合物浓度增大,乳状液的粘度先快速下降后基本维持稳定,按照结果,测试选取最佳的油水比和聚合物浓度。通过乳状液类型的观察及稳定性分析测试研究了乳状液的稳定性,并测定了含硅氧烷季铵盐的聚合物降粘剂的抗盐和耐老化性能。研究表明,含硅氧烷季铵盐的聚合物不仅具备优异的降粘效果,一定的耐温抗盐性能,且所形成的乳状液稳定性适宜,易于破乳脱水。当浓度为1.0g/L时,含硅氧烷季铵盐的聚合物PASQ和PAASQ的降粘率可超过90%;降粘剂水溶液在浓度为15000mg/L氯化钠、800mg/L氯化钙和800mg/L氯化镁水溶液中仍然保持原有的降粘效率;降粘剂水溶液在65℃恒温条件下老化15天降粘效果不变;最重要的是,含硅氧烷的聚合物降粘剂可降低乳状液的稳定性,本文采用稳定性分析仪分析测定乳状液在半个小时内的稳定性,结果表明添加含硅氧烷的聚合物PAASQ后的乳状液在半个小时的脱水率可达90%。综上所述,含硅氧烷季铵盐的聚合物降粘剂达到了流动降粘和静置脱水的效果。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of heavy oil mining, the design and synthesis of viscosity reducer and the mechanism of viscosity reduction have become a hot spot. The existing emulsion formed by the viscosity reducer is too stable, the dehydration of demulsification is difficult and the post-treatment cost is high. The ideal viscosity reducer requires high emulsifying and viscosity reducing efficiency and certain temperature resistance and salt resistance, the emphasis is the formation of the viscosity. The emulsion is easy to demulsified and dehydrated, to achieve the effect of fluid viscosity and dehydration. By introducing a special functional structural unit in the main chain of acrylamide polymer, it has the advantages of functional group and polymer, so it is more promising. This paper mainly designs and syntheses a kind of polymerizable. Siloxane quaternary ammonium salt monomer (SQ) is further prepared with free radical polymerization with acrylamide (AM) and 2- acrylamide based -2- methylpropyl sulfonic acid (AMPS). The structure and solution properties of the monomers and polymers are characterized, and the viscosity reducing properties of the polymer are studied. The following work is included in the following aspects: 1 A new type of siloxane quaternary ammonium monomer (SQ) was synthesized. The monomer molecules were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. The surface activity of the quaternary ammonium salt monomer was studied by surface tension method, fluorescence probe method and electrical conductivity method. The results showed that the monomer had excellent surface tension to reduce the surface of aqueous solution. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is 0.76g/L, and the surface tension of the aqueous solution can be reduced to 30.55 mN/m.2, and a series of two polymer PASQ (AM/SQ), PAA (AM/AMPS) and three are prepared by free radical solution polymerization, with homemade siloxane quaternary ammonium salt monomer (SQ), acrylamide (AM) and 2- acrylamide -2- Methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as raw materials. Polymer PAASQ (AM/SQ/AMPS). The structure of the polymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The molecular weight of the polymer was measured by laser light scattering and the results of.TGA and DSC showed that the polymer containing the quaternary ammonium salt containing siloxane had stronger heat resistance, and the application prospect was wide.3, through surface tension and boundary. Surface tension, fluorescence spectra, dynamic light scattering and apparent viscosity test were used to study the performance of the polymer solution. The effect of concentration and temperature on the aggregation behavior of polymer in aqueous solution was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial activity of the polymer was poor, but the addition of siloxane monomer enhanced the water solubility of the polymer. The wettability of heavy oil is.4. The viscosity reduction effect of polymer solution to heavy oil is studied systematically. The effect of oil to water ratio and polymer concentration on viscosity reduction is investigated. The results show that with the decrease of oil and water ratio and the increase of polymer concentration, the viscosity of emulsion is reduced quickly and the stability is basically maintained. According to the result, the test is the best choice. The stability of the emulsion was studied by the observation of the emulsion type and the stability analysis. The salt resistance and aging resistance of the polymer viscosity reducer containing siloxane quaternary ammonium salt were measured. The study shows that the polymer containing siloxane quaternary ammonium salt not only has excellent viscosity reduction effect, but also has a certain temperature resistance and salt resistance. When the concentration is 1.0g/L, the viscosity reduction rate of the polymer PASQ and PAASQ containing siloxane quaternary ammonium salt can exceed 90%, and the viscosity reducer still maintains the original viscosity reduction efficiency in the concentration of 15000mg/L NaCl, 800mg/L calcium chloride and 800mg/L magnesium chloride solution; viscosity reducer. The viscosity reduction effect of water solution at 65 C under constant temperature is unchanged for 15 days. The most important thing is that the stability of the emulsion can be reduced by the polymer viscosity reducer containing siloxane. The stability analyzer is used to analyze the stability of the emulsion in half an hour. The results show that the emulsion containing the polymer PAASQ containing siloxane is half small. The rate of dehydration can reach 90%.. In summary, the polymer viscosity reducer containing siloxane quaternary ammonium salt reaches the effect of flowing viscosity reduction and static dewatering.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE39;TQ317

【相似文献】