榆树林油田集输系统骨架管道安全经济运行技术研究
发布时间：2018-07-22 15:41
【摘要】：油田集输系统骨架管道主要承载着将油田所产原油输送至联合站净化脱水的任务。为了保证油品的顺利输送,往往需要在转油站上消耗大量的热能、压能为油水混合液提供能量,其中很大一部分能量以散热和摩擦损失的形式消耗在管道上。目前,榆树林油田已进入高含水开发后期,油田产能下降,骨架管道逐步处于低输量运行阶段,输油单耗显著增大,管道输送的安全性和经济性都大幅度降低。针对榆树林油田的开发现状及未来发展趋势,以保证骨架管道的安全经济运行为目标,开展了以下研究工作:首先,以“传输效率”、“能损率”、“吨千米热能损失”、“吨千米压能损失”、“吨千米能量损失”、“热损率”和“压损率”等共7项指标对榆树林油田骨架管道的运行能耗进行计算分析,掌握了骨架管道的能耗规律。确定不同季节条件下管道的平均传输效率春季为70.1%,夏季为74.3%,秋季为73.6%,冬季为68.4%,受环境条件和输量的影响明显。其中,在管道的总能量损耗中,热损率达到98%以上,占很大比重。其次,采用数理统计、最优化拟合方法研究确定了不同管道全年不同月份的传热系数变化规律及水力摩阻系数的修正计算公式。在此基础上,以防止原油凝固和管道进入不稳定工作区为依据,计算确定了榆树林油田不同骨架管道全年不同月份、不同含水率下的最小安全输量,以此作为骨架管道低输量运行的安全界限参数。最后,以骨架管道的实际输量和最小安全输量的相对关系为依据,建立了榆树林油田骨架管道运行方案的多层次优化方法。针对管道实际输量大于最小安全输量的情况,以管道输油能耗最小为目标,管道输油温度、设备组合方案等为决策变量,建立了骨架管道输油方案优化的数学模型,并提出采用分级优化法结合遗传算法进行求解。实例计算结果表明:通过优化,对比原方案可降低骨架管道的输油成本最高达30%以上。应用该优化方法制定了榆树林油田不同骨架管道在不同输量、含水率下全年不同月份的输油方案。针对骨架管道实际输量低于最小安全输量的情况,以总输油成本最低为目标,补水量为决策变量,建立了骨架管道补水输送时运行参数优化的数学模型及求解算法,并对不同作业区最远端骨架管道的补水方案进行了优化,确定最优补水量。对于管道输量进一步降低的情况,建立了骨架管道输油方式优化的数学模型,对比分析了管道补水输送和油罐车拉油两种输油方式,确定了不同含水率下,不同骨架管道补水输送和油罐车拉油输送方式的界限输量。以上研究不但可以为集输系统骨架管道的安全经济运行提供重要的技术指导和保障,同时也拓展了低输量管道水力、热力分析及优化技术的相关理论研究成果。
[Abstract]:The skeleton pipeline of oil gathering and transportation system mainly carries the task of transporting the crude oil produced in the oil field to the combined station for purification and dehydration. In order to ensure the smooth transportation of oil products, it is often necessary to consume a large amount of heat energy in the transfer station, and the pressure energy provides energy for the oil-water mixture, and a large part of the energy is consumed on the pipeline in the form of heat dissipation and friction loss. At present, Yushulin Oilfield has entered the late stage of high water cut development, the production capacity of the oilfield has decreased, the skeleton pipeline is gradually in the stage of low-volume operation, the unit consumption of oil transportation has increased significantly, and the safety and economy of pipeline transportation have been greatly reduced. In view of the present situation and future development trend of Yushulin Oilfield, the following research work has been carried out in order to ensure the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline: firstly, in terms of "transmission efficiency", "energy loss rate", "ton km thermal energy loss", Seven indexes, such as "ton km pressure energy loss", "ton km energy loss", "heat loss rate" and "pressure loss rate", are used to calculate and analyze the operating energy consumption of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield, and the energy consumption law of the skeleton pipeline is mastered. The average transmission efficiency of pipeline in different seasons is 70.1 in spring, 74.3in summer, 73.6in autumn and 68.4 in winter. In the total energy loss of pipeline, the heat loss rate is over 98%, which accounts for a large proportion. Secondly, mathematical statistics and optimization fitting method are used to study and determine the variation law of heat transfer coefficient and the modified formula of hydraulic friction coefficient in different year and different months of pipeline. On this basis, based on the prevention of crude oil solidification and pipeline entering the unstable work area, the minimum safe transportation amount of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield is calculated and determined under different water cut and different months of the year. This is regarded as the safe limit parameter of the skeleton pipeline running in low volume. Finally, based on the relative relationship between the actual and the minimum safe transportation of the skeleton pipeline, a multi-level optimization method for the operation scheme of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield is established. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of pipeline is larger than the minimum safe quantity, taking the minimum energy consumption of pipeline transportation as the target, the pipeline transportation temperature and the equipment combination scheme as decision variables, the mathematical model of optimizing the oil transportation scheme of skeleton pipeline is established. A hierarchical optimization method combined with genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The calculation results show that compared with the original scheme, the oil transportation cost of the skeleton pipeline can be reduced to more than 30% by optimization. By using this optimization method, the oil transportation schemes of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield under different water content and water content in different months of the year are worked out. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of skeleton pipeline is lower than the minimum safe quantity, taking the lowest total oil transportation cost as the target and the replenishment quantity as the decision variable, the mathematical model and algorithm for optimizing the operation parameters of the skeleton pipeline are established. The water supply scheme of the furthest skeleton pipeline in different operation areas was optimized to determine the optimal water supply quantity. For the further reduction of pipeline volume, a mathematical model for optimizing the oil transportation mode of skeleton pipeline is established, and two kinds of oil transportation modes, pipeline rehydration transportation and tank truck oil pulling, are compared and analyzed, and the different water cut ratio is determined. Different skeleton pipeline rehydration transportation and oil tank truck oil delivery mode limit transport. The above research can not only provide important technical guidance and guarantee for the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline of gathering and transportation system, but also expand the relevant theoretical research results of hydraulic, thermal analysis and optimization techniques for low volume pipeline.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE863
本文编号：2137942
[Abstract]:The skeleton pipeline of oil gathering and transportation system mainly carries the task of transporting the crude oil produced in the oil field to the combined station for purification and dehydration. In order to ensure the smooth transportation of oil products, it is often necessary to consume a large amount of heat energy in the transfer station, and the pressure energy provides energy for the oil-water mixture, and a large part of the energy is consumed on the pipeline in the form of heat dissipation and friction loss. At present, Yushulin Oilfield has entered the late stage of high water cut development, the production capacity of the oilfield has decreased, the skeleton pipeline is gradually in the stage of low-volume operation, the unit consumption of oil transportation has increased significantly, and the safety and economy of pipeline transportation have been greatly reduced. In view of the present situation and future development trend of Yushulin Oilfield, the following research work has been carried out in order to ensure the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline: firstly, in terms of "transmission efficiency", "energy loss rate", "ton km thermal energy loss", Seven indexes, such as "ton km pressure energy loss", "ton km energy loss", "heat loss rate" and "pressure loss rate", are used to calculate and analyze the operating energy consumption of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield, and the energy consumption law of the skeleton pipeline is mastered. The average transmission efficiency of pipeline in different seasons is 70.1 in spring, 74.3in summer, 73.6in autumn and 68.4 in winter. In the total energy loss of pipeline, the heat loss rate is over 98%, which accounts for a large proportion. Secondly, mathematical statistics and optimization fitting method are used to study and determine the variation law of heat transfer coefficient and the modified formula of hydraulic friction coefficient in different year and different months of pipeline. On this basis, based on the prevention of crude oil solidification and pipeline entering the unstable work area, the minimum safe transportation amount of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield is calculated and determined under different water cut and different months of the year. This is regarded as the safe limit parameter of the skeleton pipeline running in low volume. Finally, based on the relative relationship between the actual and the minimum safe transportation of the skeleton pipeline, a multi-level optimization method for the operation scheme of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield is established. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of pipeline is larger than the minimum safe quantity, taking the minimum energy consumption of pipeline transportation as the target, the pipeline transportation temperature and the equipment combination scheme as decision variables, the mathematical model of optimizing the oil transportation scheme of skeleton pipeline is established. A hierarchical optimization method combined with genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The calculation results show that compared with the original scheme, the oil transportation cost of the skeleton pipeline can be reduced to more than 30% by optimization. By using this optimization method, the oil transportation schemes of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield under different water content and water content in different months of the year are worked out. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of skeleton pipeline is lower than the minimum safe quantity, taking the lowest total oil transportation cost as the target and the replenishment quantity as the decision variable, the mathematical model and algorithm for optimizing the operation parameters of the skeleton pipeline are established. The water supply scheme of the furthest skeleton pipeline in different operation areas was optimized to determine the optimal water supply quantity. For the further reduction of pipeline volume, a mathematical model for optimizing the oil transportation mode of skeleton pipeline is established, and two kinds of oil transportation modes, pipeline rehydration transportation and tank truck oil pulling, are compared and analyzed, and the different water cut ratio is determined. Different skeleton pipeline rehydration transportation and oil tank truck oil delivery mode limit transport. The above research can not only provide important technical guidance and guarantee for the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline of gathering and transportation system, but also expand the relevant theoretical research results of hydraulic, thermal analysis and optimization techniques for low volume pipeline.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE863
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