基于仿真技术的PDC取芯钻头设计优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 09:36

【摘要】：钻进技术在矿产资源勘探与开发、地质工程、煤矿井下锚杆支护与瓦斯抽放和国家工程建设中占据了举足轻重的地位,钻进技术是否先进直接影响地质、开采以及工程施工的成本和效率。而钻头作为钻进技术中破碎岩石的工具,其类型的选择、结构的设计、质量的高低是决定成孔效率和钻进成本的关键因素。随着材料科学在工业应用领域取得突破性发展,金刚石复合材料逐渐成为钻进领域的新宠,自二十世纪七十年代金刚石复合片钻头(PDC-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit,简称PDC钻头)问世以来,因其岩石破碎效率高、钻头可靠性好、钻头寿命长以及钻进综合经济效益高等特点,被广泛应用在钻进领域中。在特定地质环境条件下,根据钻进需求设计与制造个性化的PDC钻头这个问题上,探矿工艺研究所现今所采用的是传统的经验试制法,通过对钻进条件进行分析,根据以往生产研究经验进行钻头设计,然后对各设计方案进行钻头试制与台架试验,分析钻头在破岩过程中受力情况对设计方案进行修改,然后再进行试验,如此反复试制与试验,最终得到最优设计方案,这是一个耗时耗力耗材的方法。如何快速响应设计出满足要求的PDC钻头并检验钻头的性能是否可靠,提高钻头设计效率,降低钻头设计成本,成为了一个亟待解决的问题。随着科技的进步,计算机技术发不断发展,计算机仿真技术逐渐走进大家的视野,各种辅助设计软件以及各类分析软件应运而生,计算机仿真技术也引入到了钻头设计领域。计算机仿真设计与仿真分析技术的不断出现为解决PDC钻头个性化设计问题带来了契机。目前,计算机仿真技术在牙轮钻头钻进过程中已得到广泛应用,在前人研究的基础上,仿真技术应用于PDC钻头个性化设计中也是可行的。在此基础上,本文以热压胎体式PDC取芯钻头设计为例,分别用传统设计方法与仿真设计方法对钻头进行设计分析,研究两种方法的设计成本与设计周期。传统的设计方法是反复试验,从失败中寻求解决方法,不断改进钻头的设计、原型的制造、实地测试和结果评估的过程,直到获得满足性能要求的产品,因此,所需的设计周期很长,设计成本高。仿真分析方法是利用三维设计软件Pro/E的参数化设计进行钻头实体模型建立,再利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对钻头模型进行受力分析,研究不同仰角、转速、转角与PDC所受应力的关系,实验得出,当仰角为17。时,PDC所受应力最小；PDC所受应力大小随转速的增大而减小。根据仿真结果分析钻头的钻进性能,最终得到最优的设计方案并研究仿真设计过程中所产生的设计成本与设计周期。较之传统的设计方法,计算机仿真设计方法能够在较短的时间内完成钻头的“设计-分析-改进-评估”整个过程,大大缩短了设计周期,仿真设计过程中不用对钻头进行试制,降低了设计成本,提高了设计效率,并为钻头的个性化性能提供理论分析结果,推进钻头的个性化发展。
[Abstract]:Drilling technology plays an important role in mineral resources exploration and development, geological engineering, underground bolt support and gas drainage and national engineering construction. The advanced drilling technology directly affects the cost and efficiency of geology, mining and engineering construction. The drill bit is a tool for breaking rock in drilling technology and its type Selection, structure design and quality are the key factors to determine hole efficiency and drilling cost. With the breakthrough in the field of industrial application, diamond composite has gradually become a new favorite in the field of drilling, since 1970s diamond composite bit (PDC-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bi) T, referred to as PDC bit for short, has been widely used in the field of drilling because of its high rock fragmentation efficiency, good bit reliability, long drill life and high comprehensive economic benefit. Under the specific geological environment, the Research Institute of exploration technology is today based on the design and manufacture of individualized PDC bits according to the drilling requirements. The traditional experience trial production method is adopted. Through the analysis of the drilling conditions, the bit design is carried out according to the previous production research experience, then the drill bit trial and bench test are carried out on each design scheme, and the design scheme is modified during the rock breaking process, and then the test is carried out again, so that repeated trial and trial and trial are made. Finally, the optimal design scheme is obtained. This is a time-consuming and consumable method. How to quickly respond to the design of the PDC bit to meet the requirements and verify the reliability of the bit performance, improve the design efficiency of the bit and reduce the design cost of the bit has become a problem to be solved urgently. With the progress of science and technology, the computer technology is constantly issued. The computer simulation technology has gradually come into the field of vision. All kinds of auxiliary design software and all kinds of analysis software have come into being. Computer simulation technology has also been introduced into the field of bit design. The continuous appearance of computer simulation design and simulation analysis technology brings opportunity to solve the problem of PDC bit design. At present, computer Simulation technology has been widely used in the drilling process of roller bit. On the basis of previous research, simulation technology is also feasible in the personalized design of PDC bit. On this basis, the design and analysis of the drill bit with the traditional design method and simulation design method are used for the design of PDC core drill of hot pressing tire. The design cost and design cycle of the two methods are studied. The traditional design method is repeated tests, seeking solutions from failure, constantly improving the design of the bit, the manufacturing of the prototype, the field test and the result evaluation process, until the product meets the performance requirements. Therefore, the design cycle is very long and the design cost is high. The method is to use the parametric design of Pro/E software to build the solid model of the bit, and then use the finite element analysis software ANSYS to analyze the force of the bit model, and study the relationship between the different elevation angle, the speed, the angle and the stress of the PDC. The experiment shows that when the elevation is 17., the stress of the PDC is the least; the magnitude of the stress of PDC is the size of the stress. According to the simulation results, the drilling performance of the drill is analyzed, and the optimal design scheme is finally obtained and the design cost and design period produced in the simulation design process are studied. Compared with the traditional design method, the computer simulation design method can complete the design analysis improvement - Evaluation of the bit in a short time. The whole process has greatly shortened the design cycle. The design cost is not needed in the simulation design process, the design cost is reduced, the design efficiency is improved, and the theoretical analysis results are provided for the personalized performance of the bit, and the personalized development of the bit is promoted.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.1

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