富含甲烷和其它烷烃的化工尾气回收生产LNG方案研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 09:14

【摘要】：天然气资源作为当代工业最重要的原料,其储量十分有限,合理有效地利用天然气资源是社会可持续发展的需要,越来越引起人们的广泛关注。随着国内工业、制造业的迅猛发展,能源领域存在着巨大缺口,液化天然气作为一种优质的清洁能源,其压缩后体积仅为气态的1/625,非常便于贮存和运输。与此同时我国的焦炭产量已连续多年位居世界第一,其经过炼焦炉高温干馏后副产大量焦炉煤气。焦炉煤气作为一种可燃性气体除部分回炉加热及生产合成外,全国每年约200亿立方米的焦炉煤气直接排放,不仅造成了巨额的资源浪费,更对生态环境造成了极大破坏。而针对焦炉煤气的特性进行净化及甲烷化、液化等工艺处理后可再生成浓度高达99%的液化天然气,此举不仅可以开辟新的能源领域,而且对焦化产业和能源领域的技术革新以及产业内部结构调整都具有划时代的意义。本文收集和分析国内外炼焦尾气净化后经甲烷化生产天然气装置的相关资料,系统的整理了焦炉煤气制天然气装置选用优化的方法和思路。对比分析了国内外焦炉煤气甲烷化制天然气工艺及设备的使用研究现状,总结并归纳了有别于传统工艺流程的预净化单元技术方法,并优选了深冷液化单元设备。本文针对江苏某焦化厂副产焦炉煤气的气质和气量特征,对不同的预净化、液化方法进行了对比分析,并采用HYSYS软件对其工艺流程进行模拟,确定了一套针对富含甲烷和其它烷烃的化工尾气回收生产LNG的方案,达到了尾气回收制得LNG的目的。此外,针对预净化单元及深冷液化单元的设备选用及工艺流程的选取进行了研究与方案校核,重点分析了预净化单元变温吸附法(TSA)处理原料气中水蒸气、酸性气体、氮气等杂质的运行方案,完成了深冷液化工段冷剂配比及冷剂使用的软件模拟。基于以上研究成果,整合预净化单元设备、甲烷化装置设备、以及深冷液化单元的工艺方案,最终提出了一套合理的尾气回收制LNG的方案。
[Abstract]:Natural gas resources, as the most important raw materials in contemporary industry, have very limited reserves. The rational and effective utilization of natural gas resources is the need of social sustainable development and has attracted more and more attention. With the rapid development of domestic industry and manufacturing industry, there is a huge gap in the energy field. As a kind of high-quality clean energy, the compressed volume of liquefied natural gas is only 1 / 625 of the gaseous state, which is very convenient for storage and transportation. At the same time, the production of coke in China has been ranked first in the world for many years, and a large amount of coke oven gas is produced after high temperature dry distillation in coking furnace. As a kind of combustible gas, coke oven gas is discharged directly by about 20 billion cubic meters of coke oven gas in China every year, except for partial reheating and production synthesis, which not only causes huge waste of resources, but also causes great damage to ecological environment. In view of the characteristics of coke oven gas, purification and methanation, liquefaction and other processes can again produce liquefied natural gas with a concentration of up to 99%, which can not only open up a new energy field, Moreover, it is of epoch-making significance to the technical innovation of coking industry and energy field and the adjustment of industrial internal structure. This paper collects and analyzes the relevant data of the natural gas production plant after purification of coking tail gas at home and abroad, and systematically collates the methods and ideas of selecting and optimizing the selection of coke oven gas production gas plant. The research status of methanation process and equipment for natural gas production from coke oven gas at home and abroad is comparatively analyzed. The prepurification unit technology method which is different from the traditional process is summarized and the cryogenic liquefaction unit equipment is selected. According to the gas quality and gas quantity characteristics of by-product coke oven gas in a coking plant in Jiangsu province, the different pre-purification and liquefaction methods are compared and analyzed, and the process flow is simulated by HYSYS software. A scheme for producing LNG from chemical tail gas rich in methane and other alkanes has been established, which has achieved the purpose of producing LNG by tail gas recovery. In addition, the selection of equipment and technological process of pre-purification unit and cryogenic liquefaction unit were studied and checked, and the prepurification unit variable temperature adsorption method (TSA) was used to treat steam and acid gas in raw gas. The operation scheme of nitrogen and other impurity is simulated by software of refrigerant ratio and refrigerant usage in cryogenic liquefaction section. Based on the above research results, the process schemes of prepurification unit, methanation unit and cryogenic liquefaction unit are integrated, and a set of reasonable scheme of tail gas recovery to produce LNG is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE665.3

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