基于微渗漏模拟实验的油气化探异常机理

发布时间：2018-07-31 14:49

【摘要】：对于油气化探异常形成的机理,早期国内外学者提出不同的油气化探异常模型,由于地质条件和烃类微渗漏的复杂性,难以从三维角度进行刻画和论证,同时又未见实验模拟证据的支持,使异常成因解释模糊,影响了化探技术的发展和在油气勘探中的广泛应用。针对上述问题,研制了系统的物理模拟实验装置,对油气聚集成藏后烃类物质穿过上覆地层微渗漏至地表的过程进行了实验室模拟。实验结果较好地反映了烃类垂向微渗漏的空间效应,在一定程度上揭示了油气化探异常由源及表的形成过程和基本规律。发现了烃类微渗漏具有幕式运移特点,揭示了油气垂向微渗漏过程中"羽状"涌流的存在。实验模拟结果与已知油气藏上方化探异常的观测数据具有较好的吻合性,表明"压力驱动、裂隙渗透"可能是油气化探异常形成的主要原因,不存在千篇一律的化探异常模式。取得的认识丰富了油气地球化学勘探的基础理论,促进了化探技术的持续发展,对油气运移、聚集理论的研究有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:For the mechanism of hydrocarbon geochemical anomaly formation, the early scholars at home and abroad put forward different hydrocarbon geochemical anomaly models, because of the geological conditions and the complexity of hydrocarbon microleakage, it is difficult to describe and demonstrate from a three-dimensional perspective. At the same time, there is no support of the experimental simulation evidence, which makes the explanation of abnormal origin fuzzy, which affects the development of geochemical exploration technology and its wide application in oil and gas exploration. To solve the above problems, a systematic physical simulation experiment device was developed to simulate the microleakage of hydrocarbon materials through the overlying strata to the surface after hydrocarbon accumulation. The experimental results well reflect the spatial effect of hydrocarbon vertical microleakage and to some extent reveal the formation process and basic law of hydrocarbon geochemical anomalies from source and surface. It is found that hydrocarbon microleakage has the characteristics of episodic migration, which reveals the existence of "plume" inrush in the process of vertical microleakage of oil and gas. The experimental simulation results are in good agreement with the observed data of geochemical exploration anomalies over known oil and gas reservoirs, indicating that "pressure driven and fracture permeability" may be the main reason for the formation of geochemical anomalies in oil and gas exploration, and there is no uniform geochemical anomaly pattern. The obtained knowledge enriches the basic theory of oil and gas geochemical exploration, promotes the sustainable development of geochemical exploration technology, and has certain reference significance for the study of oil and gas migration and accumulation theory.
【作者单位】：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部;中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所;中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41072099,No.41373121) 中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P05069)资助
【分类号】：P618.13;P632

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