PDC钻头泥包机理及防治方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 09:39
【摘要】：PDC钻头在泥页岩地层钻进时极易发生钻头泥包,对钻井带来不利影响。研究泥页岩地层的泥包机理,提出防治PDC钻头泥包的方法,对于提高钻井质量与效益具有极其重要的意义。本文研究了泥质岩屑的特征以及泥质岩屑在PDC钻头表面的粘附特性,认为泥包的本质就是泥质岩屑在钻头表面的粘附,是机械镶嵌与化学吸附共同作用的结果。为研究各因素对泥质岩屑粘附性能的影响规律,使用粘附系数作为粘附性能评价指标,进行了直剪切试验。结果表明,粘附系数随泥质岩屑含水量的变化呈抛物线规律变化,最大值出现在塑限与液限之间;泥质岩屑在堆焊硬化的合金钢表面粘附系数最大,约为普通合金钢的1.9倍,其次是铸造碳化钨,约为普通合金钢材料的1.6倍;当含水量一定时,粘附系数随颗粒尺寸的增大而减小;泥质岩屑粘附系数随粘土矿物含量的增加而增大,且以蒙脱石为主要粘土矿物的泥质岩屑的粘附系数最大,其次是伊蒙混层、伊利石,高岭石的粘附系数最小;泥质岩屑在水基钻井液中的粘附系数要远大于油基钻井液,在加入PAM、Kcl、Nacl、RH-2等添加剂以后,粘附系数均有不同程度地减小,其中减小程度最大的为添加RH-2的情况。通过对PDC钻头井底的工作环境和岩屑受力分析,建立了防止泥质岩屑粘附的临界流速模型,为PDC钻头水力参数设计提供了量化标准。提出了一套完整的预防PDC钻头泥包的方法,为现场钻井提供了理论与技术支持。
[Abstract]:When PDC bit is drilling in shale formation, it is easy to occur bit mud bag, which has adverse effect on drilling. It is of great significance to improve the drilling quality and benefit by studying the mechanism of shale formation and putting forward a method to prevent and cure the mud ladle of PDC bit. In this paper, the characteristics of mud cuttings and the adhesion characteristics of mud cuttings on the surface of PDC bits are studied. It is considered that the nature of mud bundles is the adhesion of mud cuttings to the surface of bits, which is the result of the interaction of mechanical mosaics and chemisorption. In order to study the influence of various factors on the adhesion properties of muddy cuttings, direct shear tests were carried out using the adhesion coefficient as the index of adhesion performance evaluation. The results show that the adhesion coefficient varies in parabola with the change of water content of muddy cuttings, the maximum value occurs between plastic limit and liquid limit, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone debris on the surface of alloy steel hardened by surfacing is the largest, which is about 1.9 times of that of common alloy steel. The second is cast tungsten carbide, which is about 1.6 times that of common alloy steel, when the water content is fixed, the adhesion coefficient decreases with the increase of particle size, and the adhesion coefficient of muddy cuttings increases with the increase of clay mineral content. The adhesion coefficient of clay cuttings with montmorillonite as the main clay mineral is the largest, followed by immonitic layer, Illite and kaolinite, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone cuttings in water-based drilling fluid is much higher than that of oil-based drilling fluid. The adhesion coefficient decreased in varying degrees after adding additives such as PAM Kcl-Nacln (RH-2), and the biggest decrease was in the case of adding RH-2. By analyzing the working environment and cuttings force at the bottom of PDC bit, a critical velocity model for preventing the adhesion of muddy cuttings is established, which provides a quantitative standard for the design of hydraulic parameters of PDC bit. A complete method for preventing mud ladle of PDC bit is put forward, which provides theoretical and technical support for field drilling.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.1
[Abstract]:When PDC bit is drilling in shale formation, it is easy to occur bit mud bag, which has adverse effect on drilling. It is of great significance to improve the drilling quality and benefit by studying the mechanism of shale formation and putting forward a method to prevent and cure the mud ladle of PDC bit. In this paper, the characteristics of mud cuttings and the adhesion characteristics of mud cuttings on the surface of PDC bits are studied. It is considered that the nature of mud bundles is the adhesion of mud cuttings to the surface of bits, which is the result of the interaction of mechanical mosaics and chemisorption. In order to study the influence of various factors on the adhesion properties of muddy cuttings, direct shear tests were carried out using the adhesion coefficient as the index of adhesion performance evaluation. The results show that the adhesion coefficient varies in parabola with the change of water content of muddy cuttings, the maximum value occurs between plastic limit and liquid limit, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone debris on the surface of alloy steel hardened by surfacing is the largest, which is about 1.9 times of that of common alloy steel. The second is cast tungsten carbide, which is about 1.6 times that of common alloy steel, when the water content is fixed, the adhesion coefficient decreases with the increase of particle size, and the adhesion coefficient of muddy cuttings increases with the increase of clay mineral content. The adhesion coefficient of clay cuttings with montmorillonite as the main clay mineral is the largest, followed by immonitic layer, Illite and kaolinite, and the adhesion coefficient of mudstone cuttings in water-based drilling fluid is much higher than that of oil-based drilling fluid. The adhesion coefficient decreased in varying degrees after adding additives such as PAM Kcl-Nacln (RH-2), and the biggest decrease was in the case of adding RH-2. By analyzing the working environment and cuttings force at the bottom of PDC bit, a critical velocity model for preventing the adhesion of muddy cuttings is established, which provides a quantitative standard for the design of hydraulic parameters of PDC bit. A complete method for preventing mud ladle of PDC bit is put forward, which provides theoretical and technical support for field drilling.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921.1
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