注蒸汽热采硫化氢生成规律研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 10:28

【摘要】：随着我国稠油蒸汽驱开采规模的不断扩大,当高温蒸汽进入地层时,会使原油、岩石基质和地层水之间诱发一系列复杂的化学反应,进而产生CO2、H_2S等酸性气体。其中,H_2S是一种剧毒有害气体,对健康有极大危害性,且具有的化学活性还会对油田生产设备产生极强的腐蚀作用。因此,研究注蒸汽热采过程中H_2S生成规律对生产中制定H_2S预防措施具有重要意义。本文在调研辽河小洼油田洼38区块地质特征和H_2S产出历史概况基础上,检测分析了区块中原油、地层岩性和油田水性质,探明了生成H_2S的硫源、硫的赋存形式以及硫酸盐热化学还原(TSR)过程中硫在高温下的分馏特征。在高温高压反应釜中开展了稠油、岩心和水的H_2S生成模拟实验,反应生成气体和岩心元素分析表明,稠油水热裂解和硫酸盐热化学还原为生成H_2S的主要途径,且硫酸盐热化学还原以水热裂解为基础,二者共同作用生成H_2S。同时,H_2S生成量随硫酸根浓度上升而增多,且硫酸根易于与重烃类化合物发生热化学还原。实验数据分析表明H_2S生成量随温度和时间呈正相关变化规律,发现酸性条件促进H_2S生成,而碱性条件下则抑制H_2S生成,即H_2S生成受酸性促进和碱性抑制的影响作用机理。最后,在上述研究基础上,开展了稠油和岩心替代分析纯生成机理模拟实验,探究了稠油水热裂解和硫酸盐热化学还原反应路径及基元反应。分析表明,稠油中噻吩类化合物水热裂解反应以及岩心中黄铁矿经氧化后的硫酸盐热化学还原反应为生成H_2S的两个基元反应路径。本文在稠油、岩心和水检测分析及硫源分析基础上,开展了注蒸汽开采生成H_2S的热模拟实验,得到的受酸性促进、碱性抑制等研究成果为注蒸汽热采油田H_2S防治工作提供了科学理论基础。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of the production scale of heavy oil steam flooding in China, when the high temperature steam enters the stratum, a series of complex chemical reactions can be induced between the crude oil, the rock matrix and the formation water, and then the acid gases such as CO2 and H_2S are produced. Among them, H_2S is a highly toxic and harmful gas, which has great harm to health and has the chemical activity. It has a very strong corrosion effect on oil field production equipment. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the H_2S generation law in the process of steam injection thermal recovery for the production of H_2S prevention measures. On the basis of the survey and survey of the geological characteristics and the history of the H_2S production history in the 38 block of the Liaohe small depression oilfield, this paper examined and analyzed the central oil, the lithology and the oil field in the block. Water properties, the sulfur source of H_2S, the form of sulfur and the fractionation characteristics of sulfur at high temperature in the process of thermo chemical reduction (TSR) of sulphate. Heavy oil, core and water H_2S simulation experiments were carried out in the reactor of high temperature and high pressure. The reaction generation gas and Yan Xinyuan element analysis showed that the thermal cracking of heavy oil and the thermo chemistry of sulphate were found. The reduction is the main way to generate H_2S, and the thermo chemical reduction of sulphate is based on the hydrothermal pyrolysis, and the joint action of the two produces H_2S.. The amount of H_2S generation increases with the increase of the sulfate root concentration, and the sulfate radical is prone to thermochemical reduction with the heavy hydrocarbons. The experimental data analysis shows that the formation of H_2S is positively correlated with the temperature and time. It is found that acid conditions promote the formation of H_2S and inhibit the formation of H_2S under alkaline conditions, that is, the mechanism of the effect of acid promotion and alkaline inhibition on the formation of H_2S. Finally, on the basis of the above study, the pure formation mechanism of heavy oil and core substitution analysis is simulated, and the hydrothermal pyrolysis of heavy oil and the thermo chemistry of sulfate are also explored. The analysis shows that the hydrothermal reaction of thiophene in heavy oil and the thermo chemical redox reaction of pyrite after oxidation in the core of the rock are two basic reaction paths for the formation of H_2S. On the basis of heavy oil, core and water analysis and sulfur source segregation analysis, the production of H_2S by steam injection is carried out in this paper. The results of thermal simulation experiment, which are promoted by acidity and inhibited by alkalinity, provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of H_2S in steam injection thermal recovery oilfield.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.44

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