基于巨厚盐膏层以及碳酸盐储层的钻井技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 11:17
【摘要】：阿姆河右岸气田勘探开采对象日趋复杂,钻井难度日益加大,亟需研究高效的钻井技术为该地区钻井工程技术瓶颈提供综合解决方案。该区块进行钻井施工具有以下几个方面的挑战：①地质及储层条件复杂,储层为复杂的碳酸盐岩地层,孔洞、裂缝发育,同时含高压盐水的大段盐膏层,钻探过程中具有不可预见性,风险极大,钻井安全性得不到保障。②上覆岩层为巨厚的高压盐水巨厚盐膏层,盐膏岩盖层厚度一般400-1200m,水平井井眼轨迹控制技术难度大。③区块地下构造规模小且断裂发育复杂,存在多套高压盐水层、复合盐膏层、漏失层、坍塌层以及断背斜构造带,“三高”(高压、高产、含H2S)气层与漏层同层等安全钻井技术要求比较高。④结合前述3项复杂的地质条件,同时由于前期取心收获率极低,可借鉴经验少,土库曼斯坦复杂盐下气田取心技术有待进一步提升。通过收集分析阿姆河右岸地质及已钻井工程资料,结合国内外“三高”井的成熟技术提出技术对策,总结制定了技术方案及现场试验方案。通过理论研究和现场系统试验,取得了以下主要成果：(1)通过建立蠕变力学模型,结合测井资料,确定区域钻井液密度窗口,同时研制出流变性好、抗盐膏污染和防塌能力强的钻井液配方,并制定出现场实施工艺。通过检测预测地层坍塌压力方法,可以确定井壁坍塌的方向和大小,确定地应力方向,建立地层的三压力剖面,为优化井身结构,确定井壁失稳技术对策提供依据。(2)该地区水平井采用“三开三完”的井身结构,同时封隔储层以上的不同压力体系与巨厚膏岩层,确定七段制井眼轨迹剖面,“直-增-微增-增-稳-增-平”来减少巨厚盐膏层对轨迹的影响,这样既满足现场施工需求,有效应对井下复杂情况,又能降低钻井综合成本。(3)提出了适用于阿姆河右岸“喷漏同层”储层的随钻、停钻以及完钻后固井前提高承压能力的封缝即堵技术等安全钻井技术。(4)优选出具有储层保护功能的低固相钻井液配方：清水+2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1、+0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl(密度大于1.2时转用甲酸盐)(0%-饱和)+超细碳酸钙+0.5～1.0% Zn2(OH)2CO3+NaOH(调节pH至10-11)。抗温达150℃以上,抗一价盐达到20%,抗钙5%,抗钻屑污染达到20%,API滤失量小于3mL,高温高压滤失量(150℃)小于15mL,常温及高温老化后的动塑比均0.5,渗透率恢复值高于90%。(5)结合BXQX取心工具研制出适应该地区灰岩破碎地层的新型取心工具(不投球保形取心工具)。在取心钻头方面,研制出适合于土库曼地区破碎地层取心的天然金刚石取心钻头。经过现场应用实例分析对比研究,最终摸索出一套适合土库曼碳酸盐岩破碎地层取心工艺技术。论文以阿姆河右岸气田勘探开发生产需要为研究的出发点,紧密结合生产实际情况,研究解决了阿姆河右岸气田钻探过程中存在的瓶颈技术问题,集成并发展了“三高”气藏的定向井、水平井钻井、喷漏同层安全钻井技术、储层保护技术和取心技术,将显著提高阿姆河右岸复杂盐下气藏的单井产量、钻井成功率与机械钻速,为安全、高效勘探开发阿姆河右岸天然气田提供了有力的技术支持和保障。
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of the right bank gas field in the Amu river is becoming more and more complex and the drilling difficulty is becoming more and more difficult. It is urgent to provide a comprehensive solution to the bottleneck of the drilling engineering in this area. The drilling construction in this area has the following challenges: (1) complex geological and reservoir conditions and complex carbonate rocks The layer, hole, crack development and the large salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water are unforeseeable, the risk is great, the drilling safety is not guaranteed. (2) the overlying strata are thick thick salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water, the thickness of the salt gypsum rock cover is generally 400-1200m, the horizontal well trajectory control is difficult. Third, the underground structure of the block. Small scale and complex fracture development, there are many sets of high pressure brine layer, compound salt gypsum layer, leakage layer, collapse layer and slanting structural belt. The "three high" (high pressure, high yield, H2S) gas reservoir and leaky layer and the same layer of safety drilling technology requirements are higher. (4) combined with the previous 3 complex geological conditions, at the same time, because the early harvest rate is very low, With little experience, the coring technology of Turkmenistan complex salt gas field needs to be further promoted. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the right bank geology and drilling engineering, combining with the mature technology of "three high" wells at home and abroad, the technical solutions are put forward and the field test scheme is summarized. The following main achievements are obtained: (1) through the establishment of the Creep Mechanics Model and the logging data, the density window of the regional drilling fluid is determined. At the same time, the drilling fluid formula with good flow denaturation, strong anti salt paste pollution and anti collapse ability is developed, and the field implementation process is formulated. By testing and predicting the formation collapse pressure method, the collapse of the wellbore can be determined. Direction and size, determine the direction of ground stress, establish the three pressure section of the formation, and provide the basis for optimizing the well structure and determining the well wall instability technology. (2) the horizontal well in this area adopts the well structure of "three open three", at the same time, the different pressure systems above the reservoir and the huge thick gypsum rock layer are sealed, and the trajectory section of the seven section of the well is determined, "straight" - increase - increase - increase - stability - increase - leveling to reduce the influence of thick salt gypsum layer on the trajectory, which not only satisfies the site construction demand, effectively cope with the underground complex conditions, but also reduces the comprehensive cost of drilling. (3) it is put forward that the sealing seam is suitable for the drilling of the "spray leakage same layer" reservoir in the right bank of the Amu River, and the sealing seam of increasing the bearing capacity before the cementing is finished after the drill. Safety drilling technology, such as plugging technology. (4) the optimization of low solid drilling fluid formula with reservoir protection function: clear water +2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1, +0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl (0%- saturated with formate) (0%- saturation) + ultra-fine calcium carbonate +0.5 to 1% Zn2 (OH) 2CO3+NaOH (adjusting pH to 10-11). Temperature up to 150 degrees C, anti one price The salt reached 20%, anti calcium 5%, anti drilling cuttings pollution reached 20%, API filtration loss less than 3mL, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss (150) less than 15mL, the dynamic plastic ratio of normal temperature and high temperature were 0.5, the permeability recovery value was higher than 90%. (5) combined BXQX coring tool to develop a new type of coring tool suitable for the fractured strata of limestone in the area. In the field of core drill, a natural diamond core drill is developed to fit the core of the fractured stratum in the Turkmen area. Through the field application case analysis and comparative study, a set of coring technology suitable for the fractured stratum of the Turkman carbonate rock is finally found out. The paper takes the exploration and development of the right bank gas field as the starting point for research. In close combination with the actual situation of production, the bottleneck problem in the drilling process of the right bank of the Amu river is studied and solved. The directional well, the horizontal well drilling, the leakage of the same layer safety drilling technology, the reservoir protection technology and the coring technology will be integrated and developed, which will greatly improve the single under salt gas reservoir in the right bank of the Amu river. Well production, drilling success rate and mechanical penetration rate provide strong technical support and guarantee for safe and efficient exploration and development of Amhe right bank natural gas field.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE242
，
本文编号：2165632
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of the right bank gas field in the Amu river is becoming more and more complex and the drilling difficulty is becoming more and more difficult. It is urgent to provide a comprehensive solution to the bottleneck of the drilling engineering in this area. The drilling construction in this area has the following challenges: (1) complex geological and reservoir conditions and complex carbonate rocks The layer, hole, crack development and the large salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water are unforeseeable, the risk is great, the drilling safety is not guaranteed. (2) the overlying strata are thick thick salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water, the thickness of the salt gypsum rock cover is generally 400-1200m, the horizontal well trajectory control is difficult. Third, the underground structure of the block. Small scale and complex fracture development, there are many sets of high pressure brine layer, compound salt gypsum layer, leakage layer, collapse layer and slanting structural belt. The "three high" (high pressure, high yield, H2S) gas reservoir and leaky layer and the same layer of safety drilling technology requirements are higher. (4) combined with the previous 3 complex geological conditions, at the same time, because the early harvest rate is very low, With little experience, the coring technology of Turkmenistan complex salt gas field needs to be further promoted. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the right bank geology and drilling engineering, combining with the mature technology of "three high" wells at home and abroad, the technical solutions are put forward and the field test scheme is summarized. The following main achievements are obtained: (1) through the establishment of the Creep Mechanics Model and the logging data, the density window of the regional drilling fluid is determined. At the same time, the drilling fluid formula with good flow denaturation, strong anti salt paste pollution and anti collapse ability is developed, and the field implementation process is formulated. By testing and predicting the formation collapse pressure method, the collapse of the wellbore can be determined. Direction and size, determine the direction of ground stress, establish the three pressure section of the formation, and provide the basis for optimizing the well structure and determining the well wall instability technology. (2) the horizontal well in this area adopts the well structure of "three open three", at the same time, the different pressure systems above the reservoir and the huge thick gypsum rock layer are sealed, and the trajectory section of the seven section of the well is determined, "straight" - increase - increase - increase - stability - increase - leveling to reduce the influence of thick salt gypsum layer on the trajectory, which not only satisfies the site construction demand, effectively cope with the underground complex conditions, but also reduces the comprehensive cost of drilling. (3) it is put forward that the sealing seam is suitable for the drilling of the "spray leakage same layer" reservoir in the right bank of the Amu River, and the sealing seam of increasing the bearing capacity before the cementing is finished after the drill. Safety drilling technology, such as plugging technology. (4) the optimization of low solid drilling fluid formula with reservoir protection function: clear water +2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1, +0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl (0%- saturated with formate) (0%- saturation) + ultra-fine calcium carbonate +0.5 to 1% Zn2 (OH) 2CO3+NaOH (adjusting pH to 10-11). Temperature up to 150 degrees C, anti one price The salt reached 20%, anti calcium 5%, anti drilling cuttings pollution reached 20%, API filtration loss less than 3mL, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss (150) less than 15mL, the dynamic plastic ratio of normal temperature and high temperature were 0.5, the permeability recovery value was higher than 90%. (5) combined BXQX coring tool to develop a new type of coring tool suitable for the fractured strata of limestone in the area. In the field of core drill, a natural diamond core drill is developed to fit the core of the fractured stratum in the Turkmen area. Through the field application case analysis and comparative study, a set of coring technology suitable for the fractured stratum of the Turkman carbonate rock is finally found out. The paper takes the exploration and development of the right bank gas field as the starting point for research. In close combination with the actual situation of production, the bottleneck problem in the drilling process of the right bank of the Amu river is studied and solved. The directional well, the horizontal well drilling, the leakage of the same layer safety drilling technology, the reservoir protection technology and the coring technology will be integrated and developed, which will greatly improve the single under salt gas reservoir in the right bank of the Amu river. Well production, drilling success rate and mechanical penetration rate provide strong technical support and guarantee for safe and efficient exploration and development of Amhe right bank natural gas field.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE242
，
本文编号：2165632
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