炼油装置腐蚀与防护系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:45

【摘要】：随着石油资源的深度开采以及进口高硫、高酸原油的不断增加,原油劣质化趋势日趋明显,给炼油厂的安全及长周期运行造成了严重威胁。目前,有的企业装置原设计材质标准低,对原料适应性差,在原(料)油性质频繁变化的情况下,实际加工的原油的酸值和硫含量已超出设计标准,造成设备管道腐蚀严重;有的企业的部分重点装置材质升级不彻底,存在安全隐患;有的企业长期加工低硫低酸原油,装置的腐蚀控制措施不完善和腐蚀管理水平低下,当进行加工高硫、高酸原油适应性改造后,虽然装置硬件满足了加工高硫、高酸原油的要求,但装置的腐蚀控制技术、腐蚀管理等软件方面仍存在很大缺陷,使得装置腐蚀事故频发。因此,为更好地解决炼油装置的腐蚀问题,我们着手开发了炼油装置腐蚀防护系统,以确保炼油企业的生产设备安全稳定运行。本文阐述的炼油装置腐蚀与防护系统采用面向对象化的设计方法,将系统分为炼油装置腐蚀案例库、耐腐蚀金属材料数据库、腐蚀机理与寿命预测系统三部分。炼油装置腐蚀案例库:主要是通过收集整理国内外炼油装置的大量腐蚀失效案例,为炼油企业提供腐蚀案例的查询服务;耐腐蚀金属材料数据库:主要是为炼油企业提供多种金属材料的常规性能、腐蚀性能的查询,以及提供炼油装置设备选材的建议和知识等服务;腐蚀机理与寿命预测系统:主要是对遭受腐蚀影响的炼油设备进行腐蚀机理分析、安全评估和剩余寿命预测。本文阐述的炼油装置腐蚀与防护系统达到了预期的效果,运行顺利,在炼油企业的预防腐蚀工作起到了积极的作用,得到了炼油企业的认可。
[Abstract]:Along with the deep exploitation of petroleum resources and the import of high sulfur and the increasing of high acid crude oil, the tendency of crude oil deterioration is becoming more and more obvious, which poses a serious threat to the safety and long period operation of refineries. At present, some enterprises have low design material standards and poor adaptability to raw materials. Under the condition of frequent changes in raw (raw) oil properties, the acid value and sulfur content of crude oil processed in practice have exceeded the design standard, resulting in serious corrosion of equipment pipelines. Some of the key installations in some enterprises are not upgraded thoroughly and there are hidden dangers in safety. Some enterprises process low sulfur and low acid crude oil for a long time, and the corrosion control measures of the units are not perfect and the corrosion management level is low. Although the hardware of the high acid crude oil can meet the requirements of processing high sulfur and high acid crude oil, the corrosion control technology, corrosion management and other software of the unit still have great defects, resulting in frequent corrosion accidents. Therefore, in order to solve the corrosion problem of refinery units better, we have developed the corrosion protection system of oil refining units to ensure the safe and stable operation of production equipment in oil refining enterprises. In this paper, the corrosion and protection system of oil refining unit is designed by object-oriented method. The system is divided into three parts: corrosion case database, corrosion resistant metal material database, corrosion mechanism and life prediction system. The corrosion case base of oil refining units: mainly through collecting and sorting out a large number of corrosion failure cases of domestic and foreign refining units to provide the inquiry service of corrosion cases for oil refining enterprises; Corrosion resistant metal materials database: mainly for oil refining enterprises to provide a variety of conventional properties of metal materials, corrosion performance query, as well as provide refinery equipment selection advice and knowledge services; Corrosion mechanism and life prediction system: the corrosion mechanism analysis, safety evaluation and residual life prediction of oil refining equipment affected by corrosion are carried out. The corrosion and protection system of the oil refining unit described in this paper has achieved the expected effect and run smoothly. It has played a positive role in the prevention of corrosion in oil refining enterprises and has been recognized by oil refining enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE986;TP311.52

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