基于QRA的某转油站系统风险评价及控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 17:33

【摘要】：油气集输站场是油田地面工程建设的重点生产项目,转油站作为集输系统的重要工艺段,所传输处理的介质具有易燃易爆等高危特性,一旦站内压力设备失效发生泄漏极易导致高风险事故发生。本文从我国投产运营时间较长的老旧转油站生产特点出发,在国内外学者对事故后果风险分析的相关研究基础上,确立了QRA(定量风险分析)评价方法,以某转油站系统为实例应用。(1)根据对全国的典型油气安全事故进行统计分析,介质泄漏而导致燃烧爆炸、中毒的事故率高达85%以上。以工艺危险有害因素分析为基础,对我国转油站系统进行单元划分,识别出具有高风险的关键设备。(2)确定关键压力容器在不同相态介质下的QRA计算方法,以国际石化行业事故数据库为基础,结合国内转油站实际生产情况提出概率修正计算方法,确定待评价容器的泄漏频率。(3)构建转油站因设备泄漏引发的重气云扩散、火灾爆炸等后果事件树。考虑转油站场在不同干预时间内基础参数条件不变的情况下,按照流体运动规律确定不同泄漏情形下的泄漏速率及泄漏量。采用喷射火、池火、蒸气云爆炸等破环后果对事故进行模拟,由QRA方法计算热辐射、超压值伤害的影响范围。结合特殊站场周边的社会环境,分析个人风险及社会风险分布值。(4)运用Phast Risk软件模拟验证个人风险等高线与社会风险F-N曲线,参照相关标准规定的可接受风险水平判定风险等级范围。针对具体生产实际中的关键设备提出降低事故风险的有效控制措施,为油气集输站场的风险评价提供理论依据与技术支持。基于转油站系统全面开展合理有效的QRA评价,能有效运用于油气行业的生产现场,为降低事故风险提供科学依据。同时减小人员伤亡、环境污染等后果,提高系统总体安全生产水平。
[Abstract]:The oil and gas gathering and transporting station is the key production project of oil field surface engineering construction. As an important process section of gathering and transportation system, the medium transmitted and treated has high risk characteristics, such as flammable and explosive, etc. Once the station pressure equipment failure leakage is easy to lead to high-risk accidents. Based on the production characteristics of old and old transfer stations in our country, and on the basis of the research of domestic and foreign scholars on the risk analysis of accident consequences, the QRA (quantitative risk Analysis) evaluation method is established in this paper. Based on the statistical analysis of typical oil and gas safety accidents in China, the leakage of medium leads to combustion and explosion, and the accident rate of poisoning is as high as 85%. Based on the analysis of the hazardous factors of the process, the unit division of the transfer station system in China is carried out, and the critical equipment with high risk is identified. (2) the QRA calculation method of the key pressure vessel in different phase state medium is determined. Based on the international petrochemical industry accident database and combined with the actual production situation of domestic transfer stations, the probability correction calculation method is put forward to determine the leakage frequency of containers to be evaluated. (3) the heavy gas cloud diffusion caused by equipment leakage in the transfer stations is constructed. A tree of consequence events such as fire and explosion. The leakage rate and leakage amount under different leakage conditions are determined according to the law of fluid movement under the condition that the basic parameters of the transfer station field are constant in different intervention time. The damage range of thermal radiation and overpressure was calculated by QRA method. Combined with the social environment around the special station yard, the personal risk and the distribution value of social risk are analyzed. (4) the personal risk contour and the F-N curve of social risk are simulated and verified by Phast Risk software. To determine the range of risk levels with reference to the acceptable risk levels specified in the relevant standards. The effective control measures to reduce the accident risk are put forward in view of the key equipment in the actual production, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the risk evaluation of the oil and gas gathering and transporting station. The reasonable and effective QRA evaluation based on the transfer station system can be effectively applied to the production site of oil and gas industry and provide scientific basis for reducing the accident risk. At the same time reduce casualties, environmental pollution and other consequences, improve the overall safety of the system production level.
【学位授予单位】：重庆科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88

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