基于PLC的油气排放处理自动控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 18:01

【摘要】：油气排放处理技术作为一项节能环保型的高新技术,在我国尚属于新兴产业,本文以石化行业储油库、炼化厂中的成品油的储运为背景,以油气排放处理系统项目为主题,对油气排放处理的自动控制系统进行了研究。在本文中,主要进行了以下的设计和研究工作1、引入了国外一种的新的变压吸附工艺技术,围绕该技术研究和设计了与工艺装置相匹配的一套优化的、计算机三级管理模式的自控总体方案。包括：一级控制设备级部分,二级现场监控操作级部分,和三级信息管理级部分。采用模块化研究方法,对成品油储运工艺进行科学的细化分解,采用西门子可编程控制器S7-300、三维力控监控软件等自动化控制方法,实现了油气排放处理中的自控流程以及工艺要求。2、研究和设计了炭床切换、真空泵启动的自动化程序以及电路控制程序。通过计算吸附的油气量来决定一组电动阀门的状态的改变,最终实现活性炭的工作温度远低于油气燃点。3、吸附塔内的活性炭温度和寿命是吸附法工艺下油气排放处理装置正常运转的焦点,研究和设计了吸附塔温度的实时检测与记录、预警程序,做到事前控制,通过监测与控制程序的设计结合对吸附剂的研发等来控制活性炭温度,提升其使用寿命。4、对真空泵冷却回路的温度检测、流量检测、真空泵进入待机的状态切换、供回油循环自动建立与解除等功能进行全面的自动化控制研究和设计,实现整个装置自动运行,能耗极低。5、在自动化控制系统的安装与调试上,结合现场实际经验,对PID参数的现场整定过程进行详细研究。总结了PID调试中的难点及经验,以及如何有效解决现场设备安装中电磁兼容问题,研究了光纤通信的硬件配置,软件参数设置,及现场安装熔接等细节。
[Abstract]:As a new technology of energy saving and environmental protection, the oil and gas emission treatment technology is still a new industry in China. This paper takes the oil storage and transportation in petrochemical industry and refinery plant as the background, and takes the oil and gas emission treatment system project as the theme. The automatic control system for oil and gas emission processing is studied. In this paper, the following design and research work is mainly carried out. 1. A new pressure swing adsorption technology is introduced, and a set of optimized technology matching with the process device is studied and designed around this technology. Computer three-level management mode of automatic control of the overall scheme. Include: first level control equipment level part, two-level field monitoring operation level part, and three-level information management level part. The modular research method is used to refine and decompose the oil product storage and transportation process scientifically, and the Siemens programmable controller S7-300, the 3D force control monitoring software, etc., are adopted in the automatic control method. The automatic control flow and process requirement of oil and gas discharge treatment are realized. The automatic program of carbon bed switching, vacuum pump startup and circuit control program are studied and designed. By calculating the amount of oil and gas adsorbed to determine the state of a set of electric valves, Finally, the working temperature of activated carbon is much lower than that of oil and gas ignition point. The temperature and life of activated carbon in adsorption tower is the focus of normal operation of oil and gas discharge treatment unit under adsorption process. The real time detection and recording of adsorption tower temperature are studied and designed. Early warning procedure, to control beforehand, to control the temperature of activated carbon by combining the design of monitoring and control program with the research and development of adsorbent, to increase its service life .4. to detect the temperature of the cooling loop of vacuum pump, and to detect the flow rate. The vacuum pump enters the standby state switch, for the return oil cycle automatic establishment and the release and so on function carries on the comprehensive automation control research and the design, realizes the entire device to run automatically, the energy consumption is extremely low. 5, in the automatic control system installation and the debugging, Based on the field experience, the field setting process of PID parameters is studied in detail. This paper summarizes the difficulties and experiences in PID debugging, and how to effectively solve the electromagnetic compatibility problem in the installation of field equipment, and studies the hardware configuration, software parameter setting, and field installation and welding of optical fiber communication.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X74;TP273

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