面向叠前储层预测的保幅处理影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 11:31

【摘要】：随着勘探开发程度的不断提高,浅、中、深层均成为重要的勘探目标,岩性油气藏已经成为重要勘探对象。其中物探技术发挥了关键性支撑作用,并随着地质研究的深入逐步向叠前领域拓展。在中深层复杂储层研究、浅层储层物性变化及流体性质研究等方面,叠前研究已经成为常态。叠前储层预测技术研究的发展需要保幅的地震资料支持。但目前对于地震资料的“保幅性”标准尚无定论。本文在总结地震波振幅影响因素的基础上讨论了“真振幅”与“相对保幅”的关系,阐述了保幅处理的定义,讨论了保幅性评价的标准与定性评价方法,引入了利用处理前后标志层反射波振幅曲线的相关系数与振幅比曲线的相关系数定量评价保幅程度的方法。面向整个保幅处理流程,从理论上分析了各个处理环节的保幅性及其影响因素。接着利用三维波动方程正演的模型数据对处理流程中各个模块的保幅性及其影响因素进行了分析与评价。保幅处理流程中,振幅补偿类处理的目的是为了使反射波振幅能够更好的与地下地层的反射系数相对应,其保幅性相对较好。而叠前去噪类处理的影响因素较多,其保幅性取决于去噪方法的选取与去噪参数选择是否合理。对于预测反褶积处理,其主要影响因素为预测步长,步长太小保幅性较差,步长较大又达不到提高分辨率的目的,因此,在实际处理中应根据具体数据选择合适的预测步长。Kirchhoff积分法叠前时间偏移具有一定的相对保持振幅的能力,其影响因素有速度精度,偏移孔径等成像条件,在做偏移以前应对数据做好规则化处理。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of exploration and development, shallow, middle and deep layers have become important exploration targets, and lithologic reservoirs have become important exploration objects. Geophysical prospecting technology plays a key role in supporting, and with the development of geological research gradually to prestack field. Prestack study has become the normal state in the study of complex reservoirs in middle and deep layers, physical properties of shallow reservoirs and fluid properties. The development of prestack reservoir prediction technology needs amplitude preserving seismic data. However, there is no final conclusion on the criterion of "amplitude preservation" for seismic data at present. On the basis of summing up the influencing factors of seismic wave amplitude, this paper discusses the relationship between "true amplitude" and "relative amplitude preservation", expounds the definition of amplitude preserving processing, and discusses the criteria and qualitative evaluation methods for amplitude preservation evaluation. This paper introduces a method to quantitatively evaluate the amplitude preserving degree by using the correlation coefficient of the amplitude curve of the marker layer reflection wave before and after treatment and the correlation coefficient of the amplitude ratio curve. In view of the whole processing flow of amplitude preserving, the amplitude preservation and its influencing factors of each processing link are analyzed theoretically. Then the amplitude preservation of each module and its influencing factors are analyzed and evaluated by using the forward model data of three dimensional wave equation. In the amplitude-preserving processing process, the purpose of amplitude compensation processing is to make the reflected wave amplitude better correspond to the reflection coefficient of underground strata, and its amplitude preservation is relatively good. However, there are many factors affecting the pre-stack denoising process, and its amplitude preservation depends on whether the selection of denoising method and the selection of denoising parameters are reasonable. For predictive deconvolution, the main influencing factors are prediction step size, too small step size and poor amplitude preservation, and the larger step size can not achieve the purpose of improving resolution. In actual processing, the prestack time migration of the prediction step. Kirchhoff integration method should be selected according to the specific data. The prestack time migration has the ability to keep the amplitude relatively, and the influencing factors are velocity accuracy, migration aperture and other imaging conditions. The data should be regularized before deviation.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4;P618.13

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