固体碱催化的连续双酯交换反应制备生物柴油
发布时间:2018-09-03 07:18
【摘要】:本文针对传统甲醇-油脂酯交换制备生物柴油反应体系效率低,副产物甘油需分离的问题,将甘油与碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应与传统甲醇-油脂酯交换反应相结合,建立了固体碱催化连续双酯交换体系快速制备无甘油生物柴油的新方法。以不同种类钙盐焙烧得到的CaO为催化剂催化菜籽油-甲醇-碳酸二甲酯连续双酯交换体系制备生物柴油,结果表明,900℃焙烧碳酸钙得到的CaO具有最高催化活性,在油/酯/醇摩尔比为1:1:8,催化剂用量15%,反应时间7h生物柴油产率可达96.4%;在该反应条件下得到的未经处理的生物柴油中游离甘油的含量仅为0.0196%,比传统酯交换反应制备的生物柴油中游离甘油的含量(0.1961%)明显降低。采用TGA、BET、CO_2-TPD和IR对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,钙盐种类对于焙烧后得到的CaO表面性质有很大影响,固体碱催化剂的表面碱性并不是决定催化活性的唯一因素,其孔结构性质也是影响催化剂活性的重要因素。为了进一步提高CaO固体碱催化活性,以CaO为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列CaO负载碱金属氯化物固体碱,分别考察负载型固体碱在催化甲醇-油脂-碳酸二甲酯连续双酯交换反应体系制备生物柴油中的反应性能。实验结果表明,NaCl/CaO、KCl/CaO固体碱反应性能较好。在最佳反应条件下,NaCl/CaO催化连续双酯交换反应1h生物柴油产率可达97.1%,KCl/CaO催化连续双酯交换反应2h生物柴油产率可高达95.0%,与纯CaO相比,反应时间缩短了5-6h。对催化剂进行了结构表征发现,NaCl/CaO催化剂的高活性极可能是由于NaCl与CaO发生同晶取代作用。采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列γ-Al_2O_3负载钾盐催化剂,将其用于催化连续双酯交换反应制备生物柴油,得到具有高催化活性的K_2CO_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂;在K_2CO_3负载量60%、催化剂用量30%条件下,反应30min生物柴油产率可达99.0%以上。将催化剂进行重复利用,其催化得到生物柴油产率仍可达到85.0%以上。通过表征分析发现K_2CO_3/γ-Al2O_3催化剂具有高活性的主要原因是由于当负载量大于30%时,K_2CO_3与γ-Al_2O_3在高温焙烧过程中得到新的强碱性位点K-O-Al,极大地提高了催化剂的碱性强度。论文中还以K_2CO_3为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型K_2CO_3固体碱,考察其催化甲醇-油脂-碳酸二甲酯连续双酯交换反应体系制备生物柴油的性能。实验结果表明,K_2CO_3/CaO固体碱反应性能最佳。在浸渍时间8h,K_2CO_3负载量5%,焙烧温度600℃时,反应1h生物柴油产率可达97.9%,反应得到的未经处理的生物柴油中游离甘油的含量仅为0.0196%。催化剂表征结果表明,负载K_2CO_3后催化剂的孔径及孔体积均增大,为反应物分子能够更好的进入催化剂活性中心提供了有利条件。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate was combined with the traditional methanol-oil transesterification to solve the problem of low efficiency and separation of by-product glycerol in the conventional methanol / oil transesterification reaction system. A new method for rapid preparation of glycerol-free biodiesel by solid base-catalyzed continuous diester exchange system was established. Biodiesel was prepared by continuous diester exchange system of rapeseed oil, methanol and dimethyl carbonate over CaO calcined with different calcium salts. The results showed that CaO obtained by calcination of calcium carbonate at 900 鈩,
本文编号:2219302
[Abstract]:In this paper, the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate was combined with the traditional methanol-oil transesterification to solve the problem of low efficiency and separation of by-product glycerol in the conventional methanol / oil transesterification reaction system. A new method for rapid preparation of glycerol-free biodiesel by solid base-catalyzed continuous diester exchange system was established. Biodiesel was prepared by continuous diester exchange system of rapeseed oil, methanol and dimethyl carbonate over CaO calcined with different calcium salts. The results showed that CaO obtained by calcination of calcium carbonate at 900 鈩,
本文编号:2219302
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