大型储罐内长储原油温度场分布研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 08:48
【摘要】：原油储运库是协调原油生产、加工、运输的纽带。我国原油储运库的油品计量工作以人工测量为主,具有不确定因素多、随意性强等缺点。近年来,研究者采用仿真模拟技术对储运库进行计量,但是针对轻质原油,这些方法没有考虑原油温度变化的影响,使得罐容表的制作和油品计量结果产生了一定偏差,带来贸易纠纷。原油温度场分布规律不确定,导致制作罐容表时采用的罐壁平均温度存在多种算法;原油温度变化导致储罐浮顶浸没体积为变量,而目前都是将其作为固定值计算。本文采用数值模拟、室内实验和现场测试相结合的方式,对北方某公司的大型储罐内长储原油的温度场分布进行研究。主要研究内容如下:根据相似原理,建立了一个基于现场大型储罐的等比例缩小的模型罐,设计了不同的升降温工况,使用FLUENT软件进行模拟;搭建了室内模型罐实验系统,在模拟工况下进行油温测试实验,分析不同位置处原油温度的实验值和模拟值,对比结果显示二者具有较高的吻合度,表明该数学模型和数值计算方法具有较高的准确性。根据模型罐模拟的研究方法,建立了北方某公司10万立方米大型储罐的数学模型。对模拟结果进行分析,发现大型储罐内长储原油的温度场分布受气温影响的变温过程可以分成两个阶段:油温高于气温的整体降温阶段和油温低于气温的分层升温阶段。油温高于气温时,原油的自然对流被加强,传热速率高,储罐内原油温度基本相同;油温低于气温时,原油的自然对流受到抑制,传热速率低,储罐内原油温度出现分层。极端天气条件下对现场大型储罐进行油温测试,并对数学模型进行验证,得知模型准确性较高。现场测试结果表明,原油在水平方向上几乎不存在温差;罐底形成的沉积层对距罐底2.5m范围内的原油温度场分布产生了较大影响;储罐内原油区域在升温阶段可以分为底部导热区和上部导热区,降温阶段则分为底部导热区和上部对流区。为了方便快捷地得到储罐内任意位置处的原油温度,并且对未来原油温度进行预测,编制了可视化的《大型储罐长储原油温度分布及质量计算软件》,将此软件提供给现场作为技术参考,为现场的油品计量工作、减少计量损耗以及安全生产奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Crude oil storage and transportation depot is a link to coordinate crude oil production, processing and transportation. The measurement of crude oil products in crude oil storage and transportation depot in China is dominated by manual measurement, which has many uncertain factors and strong randomness. In recent years, the researchers used the simulation technology to measure the storage and transportation reservoir, but for the light crude oil, these methods did not take into account the influence of the crude oil temperature change, which resulted in a certain deviation between the tank capacity meter making and the oil product measurement results. Bring about trade disputes. Because of the uncertainty of the distribution of crude oil temperature field, there are many algorithms for the average temperature of the tank wall used in making the tank table. The variation of crude oil temperature results in the floating roof volume of the tank as a variable, which is now calculated as a fixed value. In this paper, the temperature field distribution of long storage crude oil in a large storage tank of a company in the north of China is studied by means of numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and field test. The main research contents are as follows: according to the principle of similarity, a model tank with equal proportion reduction based on field large storage tank is established, different rising and cooling conditions are designed, the simulation is carried out with FLUENT software, and an indoor model tank experiment system is built. The oil temperature test was carried out under the simulated working conditions, and the experimental and simulated values of crude oil temperature at different locations were analyzed. The comparison results showed that the two models had a high degree of agreement, which indicated that the mathematical model and the numerical calculation method had high accuracy. According to the research method of model tank simulation, the mathematical model of 100000 cubic meter large storage tank in a company in northern China is established. By analyzing the simulation results, it is found that the temperature field distribution of the long storage crude oil in a large tank can be divided into two stages: the whole cooling stage in which the oil temperature is higher than the temperature and the stratified warming stage in which the oil temperature is lower than the temperature. When the oil temperature is higher than the temperature, the natural convection of crude oil is strengthened, the heat transfer rate is high, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is basically the same. When the oil temperature is lower than the temperature, the natural convection of the crude oil is restrained, the heat transfer rate is low, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is stratified. Under extreme weather conditions, the oil temperature of large-scale storage tanks was measured, and the mathematical model was verified, and the accuracy of the model was found to be high. The field test results show that there is almost no temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the crude oil, and the sediment layer formed from the bottom of the tank has a great influence on the temperature field distribution of the crude oil in the range of 2.5 m from the bottom of the tank. The crude oil region in the tank can be divided into the bottom heat conduction region and the upper heat conduction area in the heating stage, while the cooling stage can be divided into the bottom heat conduction area and the upper convection zone. In order to get the crude oil temperature at any position in the tank conveniently and quickly, and to predict the future crude oil temperature, A visual software for calculating the temperature distribution and quality of long storage crude oil in large storage tanks was developed. The software was provided to the field as a technical reference, which laid a foundation for the field measurement of oil products, the reduction of metering loss and the safety of production.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972;TE81
本文编号：2230028
[Abstract]:Crude oil storage and transportation depot is a link to coordinate crude oil production, processing and transportation. The measurement of crude oil products in crude oil storage and transportation depot in China is dominated by manual measurement, which has many uncertain factors and strong randomness. In recent years, the researchers used the simulation technology to measure the storage and transportation reservoir, but for the light crude oil, these methods did not take into account the influence of the crude oil temperature change, which resulted in a certain deviation between the tank capacity meter making and the oil product measurement results. Bring about trade disputes. Because of the uncertainty of the distribution of crude oil temperature field, there are many algorithms for the average temperature of the tank wall used in making the tank table. The variation of crude oil temperature results in the floating roof volume of the tank as a variable, which is now calculated as a fixed value. In this paper, the temperature field distribution of long storage crude oil in a large storage tank of a company in the north of China is studied by means of numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and field test. The main research contents are as follows: according to the principle of similarity, a model tank with equal proportion reduction based on field large storage tank is established, different rising and cooling conditions are designed, the simulation is carried out with FLUENT software, and an indoor model tank experiment system is built. The oil temperature test was carried out under the simulated working conditions, and the experimental and simulated values of crude oil temperature at different locations were analyzed. The comparison results showed that the two models had a high degree of agreement, which indicated that the mathematical model and the numerical calculation method had high accuracy. According to the research method of model tank simulation, the mathematical model of 100000 cubic meter large storage tank in a company in northern China is established. By analyzing the simulation results, it is found that the temperature field distribution of the long storage crude oil in a large tank can be divided into two stages: the whole cooling stage in which the oil temperature is higher than the temperature and the stratified warming stage in which the oil temperature is lower than the temperature. When the oil temperature is higher than the temperature, the natural convection of crude oil is strengthened, the heat transfer rate is high, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is basically the same. When the oil temperature is lower than the temperature, the natural convection of the crude oil is restrained, the heat transfer rate is low, and the crude oil temperature in the tank is stratified. Under extreme weather conditions, the oil temperature of large-scale storage tanks was measured, and the mathematical model was verified, and the accuracy of the model was found to be high. The field test results show that there is almost no temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the crude oil, and the sediment layer formed from the bottom of the tank has a great influence on the temperature field distribution of the crude oil in the range of 2.5 m from the bottom of the tank. The crude oil region in the tank can be divided into the bottom heat conduction region and the upper heat conduction area in the heating stage, while the cooling stage can be divided into the bottom heat conduction area and the upper convection zone. In order to get the crude oil temperature at any position in the tank conveniently and quickly, and to predict the future crude oil temperature, A visual software for calculating the temperature distribution and quality of long storage crude oil in large storage tanks was developed. The software was provided to the field as a technical reference, which laid a foundation for the field measurement of oil products, the reduction of metering loss and the safety of production.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972;TE81
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