陆地钻机新型桥架式排管系统设计

发布时间：2018-09-08 10:19

【摘要】：随着我国陆地钻井向深井、超深井的不断迈进,对井口自动化程度要求越来越高,特别是在偏远、沙漠、极地的钻井作业更是离不开自动化钻机。现在我国陆地钻井在起下钻作业中仍然较普遍的采用人工的方式来处理立根,工人站在二层台处工作条件差,危险性高,工作效率低,尤其是在高温、高寒、缺氧的作业环境中,人工处理管柱立根将严重影响钻井效率。自动化的排管系统能够取代二层台的井架工,极大的提高钻井效率,降低作业成本,因此开展陆地钻机自动化排管系统设计研究具有重要意义。本文在调研大量的国内外文献的基础上,针对国外自动排管系统难以推广应用,而国内陆地钻机排管系统研制缓慢的特点,以国内常用的陆地钻机ZJ50D直流电驱动钻机技术参数和工作要求为基础,设计一种新型桥架式排管系统,本文主要从以下几个方面开展论文研究： 1、针对我国陆地钻机特点,提出了新型桥架式排管系统方案,研究了桥架式排管系统的工作机理；完成桥架式排管系统的初步结构设计并确定结构尺寸；利用三维建模软件PROE进行总体机构的装配并完成模型零部件之间的干涉检验。 2、对系统关键零部件进行系统极端载荷下的静力学计算,利用ANSYS软件对结构较复杂的行走小车支架和排管臂进行静力学分析,分析得出系统强度具有较大裕量,而排管臂的刚度比较弱,需对排管臂做进一步结构优化来提高刚度。 3、依据多刚体系统动力学理论,建立了桥架式排管系统的动力学仿真模型,运用ADAMS软件对排管系统分别进行多刚体动力学和刚柔耦合动力学仿真,仿真得出在多刚体动力学仿真中系统的执行机构动力输出具有突变性,机械手夹持力的波动范围大,而立根与机械手保持了较好的运动一致性。在刚柔耦合仿真中系统刚性较弱,说明系统结构不完善,需对系统中长细比较大的零件做结构优化,以提高系统刚度。 4、运用ANSYS软件多目标优化模块对影响系统刚度最大的两个部件：立柱和排管臂2做了结构优化,得到与原结构相比立柱的最大变形和质量分别降低了37.5%和14.5%,排管臂2的最大变形和质量分别降低了31.2%和3%；通过对优化后的系统做刚柔耦合分析得出系统的刚度增强,优化效果显著。 5、开展新型排管系统的控制系统研究,确定系统的驱动控制方式为液压传动,在此基础上得出排管系统液压原理图、液压系统原理方框图和排管系统工作流程图。新型桥架式排管系统能够适应国内陆地钻机的特点,能够缓解工人劳动强度,降低作业事故,提高钻井效率,具有较大的市场潜力,对我国石油现代化进程起到积极作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of land drilling to deep wells and ultra-deep wells in our country, the requirement of drilling automation at the well head is more and more high, especially in remote, desert, polar drilling operations without automatic drilling rig. At present, artificial methods are still widely used to deal with vertical roots in land drilling operations in China. Workers stand on the second floor with poor working conditions, high risk and low working efficiency, especially in high temperature and high cold. In anoxic working environment, manual treatment of stem root will seriously affect drilling efficiency. The automatic pipe arrangement system can replace the Derrick of the second floor, greatly improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the operating cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the design of the automatic pipe arrangement system of the terrestrial drilling rig. Based on the investigation of a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper aims at the difficulty of popularizing and applying the automatic pipe drainage system in foreign countries, but the slow development of the domestic land drilling rig drainage system. Based on the technical parameters and working requirements of ZJ50D direct current electric drive drilling rig, a new bridge type pipe arrangement system is designed. This paper mainly from the following aspects of the research: 1, according to the characteristics of China's land drilling rig, a new bridge type pipe arrangement system scheme, the study of the bridge type pipe arrangement system working mechanism; Complete the preliminary structural design and determine the structure size of the bridge frame pipe arrangement system; The 3D modeling software PROE is used to assemble the whole mechanism and to complete the interference test between the parts of the model. 2. Statics calculation of the key parts of the system under extreme loads is carried out. By using ANSYS software, the statics analysis of the support and tube arm of the walking trolley with more complicated structure is carried out. The results show that the strength of the system has a large margin, but the stiffness of the tube arm is relatively weak. Further structural optimization is needed to improve the stiffness. 3. According to the dynamics theory of multi-rigid-body system, the dynamic simulation model of bridge-mounted pipe arrangement system is established. The multi-rigid-body dynamics and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics are simulated by using ADAMS software respectively. The simulation results show that the dynamic output of the system is abrupt and the clamping force of the manipulator fluctuates greatly in the multi-rigid-body dynamics simulation. But the root and manipulator maintain a good consistency of movement. In the rigid-flexible coupling simulation, the rigidity of the system is weak, which indicates that the system structure is not perfect, so it is necessary to optimize the structure of the parts with large length and fineness in the system. In order to improve the stiffness of the system. 4. The structural optimization of the two components that have the greatest effect on the stiffness of the system, namely, the column and the row tube arm 2, is made by using the multi-objective optimization module of ANSYS software. Compared with the original structure, the maximum deformation and mass of the column are reduced by 37.5% and 14.5%, respectively, and the maximum deformation and mass of the row arm 2 are reduced by 31.2% and 30.2%, respectively, and the stiffness of the system is enhanced by the rigid-flexible coupling analysis of the optimized system. The optimization effect is remarkable. 5. Research on the control system of the new pipe drainage system is carried out, and the driving and control mode of the system is determined to be hydraulic transmission. On the basis of this, the hydraulic principle diagram of the drainage system is obtained. Principle block diagram of hydraulic system and working flow chart of piping system. The new bridge type pipe drainage system can adapt to the characteristics of the domestic land drilling rig, alleviate the labor intensity of the workers, reduce the working accident, improve the drilling efficiency, have great market potential, and play a positive role in the process of petroleum modernization in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE928

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