井下工具模拟测试台架设计与实验研究
发布时间：2018-09-08 12:02
【摘要】：随着我国石油钻采工具行业的快速发展,油田开发的不断深入,钻井的难度也越来越大,高技术含量的井下工具显得尤为重要。但传统的现场试验方法来研究井下工具,不但费用高、时间长而且效果差,为了开发先进的井下工具,有必要建立一套试验装置,模拟现场工艺及工况来检测工具的性能。通过模拟试验充分验证井下工具的各项性能指标,及时发现井下工具设计和加工中存在的问题,有利于井下工具的改进和完善,减少井下作业事故的发生,从而提高现场试验的工艺成功率。本文通过分析井下工具的实际工况特点,针对井下工具设计一套适用于井下工具的模拟测试台架。该台架能够输出最大28KNm的扭矩和20吨的钻压,不但能够模拟0～30度的地层倾角,0～125℃的温度变化,还能在0～200r/min的转速区间无极调速,且具有实时监测功能。通过分析了井下工具的结构和工作特点,然后以此为依据,从台架的总体设计要求、本体、传动系统、重要零部件、液压控制系统、电气控制系统等方面进行系统的研究分析,从而设计出了一套功能强大的井下工具模拟测试台架。测试台架的主体采用了箱梁式结构设计,很好的保证了台架主体的强度。通过对传动系统进行布局优化,有效减少台架的长度,并增加台架的稳定性。通过新设计的夹持机构,能够实现对不同规格,不同外径井下工具的装夹,并实现了装夹机构的自由移动。起升系统和推进系统采用液压驱动的方式,实现了实验台架起升、下降,推进系统前进、后退等规定操作。通过采用液压锁和液控单向阀,能够使测试台架的起升系统和推进系统可以在任意运动位置停止,并保持自锁。在起升系统的设计中,额外添加了起升保护支撑杆,为测试台架的安全运行又增添了新的保证。运用相对成熟的电控技术,实现了测试台架在实验过程中的自动化与半自动操作流程。能够实时的输出实验过程中所施加的扭矩、钻压、转速、温度、倾角等参数,并且能够实时保存为EXCEL文件,方便调用和分析。针对井眼轨迹控制工具,结合井下工具模拟测试台架的实验性能,采用正交实验设计的方法,设计了一套具有一定理论支撑的实验方案。为了节省投入,实验过程分为了实验因素、水平以及响应等的初选和井眼轨迹控制工具性能测试实验两个部分。在实验中充分考虑了实验目标、因素、水平、响应、实验方法、以及后勤保障措施,能够有效地完成井眼轨迹控制工具的测试任务。该实验台架顺利通过验收。实验证明该测试台架能够完成井下工具在不同钻压、不同扭矩、不同转速、不同地层倾角以及不同地层温度条件下的模拟实验。在实验过程中同步记录了井下工具所承受的实时扭矩、钻压、转速、温度、倾角等参数,可以方便的分析这些参数之间的关系。由于采用了比较成熟的设计和控制方案,该实验台架结构合理、基本功能完善、系统运行安全、可靠。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's oil drilling and production tools industry and the deepening of oil field development, it is more and more difficult to drill, and the high-tech downhole tools are particularly important. But the traditional field test method to study the downhole tools is not only costly, long-term and ineffective, in order to develop advanced downhole tools, it is necessary to build. A set of test equipment is set up to test the performance of the tool by simulating the field process and working conditions. The performance indexes of the downhole tool are fully verified by the simulation test, and the problems existing in the design and processing of the downhole tool are discovered in time, which is conducive to the improvement and perfection of the downhole tool, reducing the occurrence of downhole operation accidents and improving the field test. Through analyzing the actual working conditions of downhole tools, this paper designs a set of simulation test bench for downhole tools. The bench can output the maximum torque of 28KNm and 20 tons of drilling pressure. It can not only simulate the formation dip of 0-30 degrees, the temperature change of 0-125 degrees centigrade, but also the rotational speed of 0-200 r/min. This paper analyzes the structure and working characteristics of the downhole tools, and then makes a systematic study and analysis of the overall design requirements of the bench, the body, the transmission system, the important parts, the hydraulic control system, the electrical control system and other aspects, so as to design a set of powerful functions. By optimizing the transmission system, the length of the bench can be effectively reduced and the stability of the bench can be increased. Through the newly designed clamping mechanism, different specifications and diameters of the bench can be realized. The lifting system and the propulsion system are driven by hydraulic pressure to realize the required operation of the test bench, such as lifting, descending, advancing and retreating. In the design of the hoisting system, an additional lifting protection support bar is added, which adds a new guarantee for the safe operation of the test bench. By using relatively mature electronic control technology, the automatic and semi-automatic operation process of the test bench in the experimental process is realized. The parameters such as applied torque, drilling pressure, rotational speed, temperature and inclination can be saved as EXCEL file in real time, which is convenient to be used and analyzed. According to the well trajectory control tool and the experimental performance of downhole tool simulation test bench, a set of experimental scheme with certain theoretical support is designed by using orthogonal experimental design method. The experiment process is divided into two parts: the primary selection of experimental factors, level and response, and the performance test of well trajectory control tools. The experiment takes full account of the experimental objectives, factors, level, response, experimental methods, and logistic support measures, which can effectively complete the testing task of well trajectory control tools. The bench passed the acceptance test smoothly. The experiment proved that the bench can complete the simulation experiment of the downhole tool under different drilling pressure, different torque, different rotational speed, different formation dip angle and different formation temperature conditions. It is convenient to analyze the relationship between these parameters. Due to the adoption of a more mature design and control scheme, the experimental bench has reasonable structure, perfect basic functions, and the system runs safely and reliably.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE931.2
本文编号：2230460
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's oil drilling and production tools industry and the deepening of oil field development, it is more and more difficult to drill, and the high-tech downhole tools are particularly important. But the traditional field test method to study the downhole tools is not only costly, long-term and ineffective, in order to develop advanced downhole tools, it is necessary to build. A set of test equipment is set up to test the performance of the tool by simulating the field process and working conditions. The performance indexes of the downhole tool are fully verified by the simulation test, and the problems existing in the design and processing of the downhole tool are discovered in time, which is conducive to the improvement and perfection of the downhole tool, reducing the occurrence of downhole operation accidents and improving the field test. Through analyzing the actual working conditions of downhole tools, this paper designs a set of simulation test bench for downhole tools. The bench can output the maximum torque of 28KNm and 20 tons of drilling pressure. It can not only simulate the formation dip of 0-30 degrees, the temperature change of 0-125 degrees centigrade, but also the rotational speed of 0-200 r/min. This paper analyzes the structure and working characteristics of the downhole tools, and then makes a systematic study and analysis of the overall design requirements of the bench, the body, the transmission system, the important parts, the hydraulic control system, the electrical control system and other aspects, so as to design a set of powerful functions. By optimizing the transmission system, the length of the bench can be effectively reduced and the stability of the bench can be increased. Through the newly designed clamping mechanism, different specifications and diameters of the bench can be realized. The lifting system and the propulsion system are driven by hydraulic pressure to realize the required operation of the test bench, such as lifting, descending, advancing and retreating. In the design of the hoisting system, an additional lifting protection support bar is added, which adds a new guarantee for the safe operation of the test bench. By using relatively mature electronic control technology, the automatic and semi-automatic operation process of the test bench in the experimental process is realized. The parameters such as applied torque, drilling pressure, rotational speed, temperature and inclination can be saved as EXCEL file in real time, which is convenient to be used and analyzed. According to the well trajectory control tool and the experimental performance of downhole tool simulation test bench, a set of experimental scheme with certain theoretical support is designed by using orthogonal experimental design method. The experiment process is divided into two parts: the primary selection of experimental factors, level and response, and the performance test of well trajectory control tools. The experiment takes full account of the experimental objectives, factors, level, response, experimental methods, and logistic support measures, which can effectively complete the testing task of well trajectory control tools. The bench passed the acceptance test smoothly. The experiment proved that the bench can complete the simulation experiment of the downhole tool under different drilling pressure, different torque, different rotational speed, different formation dip angle and different formation temperature conditions. It is convenient to analyze the relationship between these parameters. Due to the adoption of a more mature design and control scheme, the experimental bench has reasonable structure, perfect basic functions, and the system runs safely and reliably.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE931.2
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