抽油机节能改造关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 21:42

【摘要】：随着经济飞速发展,石油工业地位越来越重要,抽油机是应用最普遍的石油开采机械之一。在抽油机的各种类型中,游梁式抽油机又占主要的地位,它是油田使用最广泛的一种举升设备,约占油井人工举升设备的95%。抽油机作为油田的主要生产设备,其驱动电机用电量占油田总用电量的比例很大,其用电量约占油田总用电量的40%左右,并且总体效率低,导致油田电能的大量浪费,增加了采油的成本。所以如何节能、降低损耗和提高抽油机的机械效率、提高抽油机的自动化程度,就是我们长期以来需要研究的重要课题。本论文针对抽油机节能的关键技术,结合长庆油田的特殊地层在新疆第三抽有机厂研制的游梁式抽油机的支撑下,研究开发一种价格适中节能效果明显,能提高电网与电机的功率因数,提高抽油机的功率因数,减少抽油机工作过程中能量的损失的设备,从而起到节约能源的目的。论文研究了国内外现有抽油机节能技术发展现状,就抽油机本身的结构、电机的节能原理和现有技术,抽油机的平衡与节能的关系,进行研究,分析了常规抽油机的耗能原因和节能增效途径。通过对长庆油田安201区块抽油机实际的工作状态的分析,比较研究了传统的变频电机的可控硅技术与逆变式PWM变流系统的节能效果。论文通过电机节能发面的研究,让不同型号的电机具有不同的特性,以适应各种不同的采油环境,和地层特点。并在交流电机上增加了变频控制装置,对设备实现了智能控制,变频技术的应用实现了生产过程的自动化,且具有显著的节能效果。通过研究得出以下结论:利用逆变式:PWM变流器,不仅解决了电机的倒发电问题,同时解决了大马拉小车的问题,使实际的功率因数得到了提高。抽油机应用变频器,提高了工效,增加了懫油量,又节约了电能,保护了电机及设备。在能源日益紧张的今天,变频器在抽油机节能反面起到了巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the status of petroleum industry is becoming more and more important. Pumping unit is one of the most widely used oil extraction machinery. Among the various types of pumping units, beam pumping units are the most widely used lifting equipment in oil fields, accounting for 95% of the artificial lifting equipment in oil wells. As the main production equipment of oil field, pumping unit has a large proportion of electric power consumption of driving motor, which accounts for about 40% of the total electricity consumption of oil field, and its overall efficiency is low, which leads to a large amount of waste of electric energy in oil field. It increases the cost of oil production. Therefore, how to save energy, reduce the loss and improve the mechanical efficiency of pumping units, improve the degree of automation of pumping units, is an important subject that we need to study for a long time. In this paper, according to the key technology of pumping unit energy saving, combined with the special stratum of Changqing Oilfield, supported by the beam pumping unit developed by Xinjiang third pumping Plant, the research and development of a kind of moderate price energy saving effect is obvious. The equipment which can improve the power factor of power grid and motor, improve the power factor of pumping unit, and reduce the energy loss in the working process of pumping unit, so as to save energy. In this paper, the present situation of energy saving technology of pumping unit at home and abroad is studied. The structure of pumping unit itself, the principle of motor energy saving and the existing technology, the relationship between the balance of pumping unit and energy saving are studied. The causes of energy consumption of conventional pumping units and the ways to save energy and increase efficiency are analyzed. By analyzing the actual working state of pumping unit in An201 block of Changqing Oilfield, the energy saving effects of traditional SCR technology of frequency conversion motor and inverter PWM converter system are compared and studied. Through the research of motor energy saving, different types of motor have different characteristics in order to adapt to different oil production environment and formation characteristics. The frequency conversion control device is added to the AC motor, and the intelligent control is realized. The application of the frequency conversion technology realizes the automation of the production process, and has remarkable energy saving effect. The conclusions are as follows: the inverter type: PWM converter can not only solve the problem of inverting power generation of motor, but also solve the problem of pulling a cart, so that the actual power factor is improved. The application of inverter in pumping unit can improve the efficiency, increase the amount of oil, save electric energy and protect the motor and equipment. In the energy increasingly tight today, the inverter in pumping unit energy-saving negative has played a huge role.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE933.1

【参考文献】