长庆油田第二采油厂含油污泥处理技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 19:16

【摘要】：含油污泥是石油化工行业在生产运营过程中产生的关键污染物之一,有较高的原油回收价值,其成分极其复杂,体积庞大,若不加处理大量堆积不仅侵占大面积的土地,降低土地的有效利用价值,而且其中含有大量的有毒有害物质将对油气田生态环境和经济发展造成严重影响,因此含油污泥的无害化处理方法及资源化综合处置利用成为国内外石油化工领域研究的重点。目前,国内外对于含油污泥处理方法及工艺的研究较多,但由于含油污泥的性质和成分差异较大,每种处理方法及工艺也都有相对的局限性,所以对于性质和成分不同的含油污泥,选择经济技术可行的处理方法及工艺尤为关键。本课题的研究对象来源于长庆油田采油二厂的含油污泥,研究探索了化学热洗法和超声技术处理含油污泥的最佳工艺条件,并将两种方法有机组合,将化学热洗法、超声处理法和化学热洗+超声处理工艺的处理效果进行对比,并对化学热洗+超声处理后产生的污泥进行危险特性鉴别,初步探索了化学热洗+超声处理工艺的可行性,为大范围应用推广提供了技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:(1)试验研究了化学药剂投加量、热洗温度、固液比、热洗时间、搅拌强度、pH值、热洗级数等影响因素对化学热洗处理含油污泥除油效果的影响,确定化学热洗法处理含油污泥的最佳工艺条件为:HP-003(硅酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、平平加O-20以2:2:1的比例复配)按1.0g/L投加,热洗温度设为75℃,固液比1:6,热洗时间40min,搅拌强度150r/min,pH值=8,1级热洗,含油污泥采用化学热洗法处理在最佳工艺条件下石油类去除率可达86.7%。(2)试验研究超声功率、超声频率、温度、超声时间等影响因素对超声法处理含油污泥除油效果的影响,确定超声法处理含油污泥的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率340W,超声频率28kHz,温度60℃,超声时间15min,在此工艺条件下超声处理含油污泥石油类去除率可达81.3%。(3)在最佳工艺条件下将化学热洗法和超声处理法有机组合,化学热洗+超声处理含油污泥石油类去除率可达99.4%,处理后的污泥含油率低于2%,而泥相脱水率高达94.8%,联合方法处理效果明显优于化学热洗法和超声处理法单一处理。通过化学药剂投加量优化实验,确定了化学热洗和超声联合处理工艺的最佳药剂投加量为0.3g/L,相比化学热洗法单一处理化学药剂使用量1.0g/L,大大减少了化学药剂的使用量。(4)将化学热洗+超声处理含油污泥后产生的污泥进行腐蚀性(pH)和浸出毒性危险特性鉴别,测定结果显示处理后污泥不具有腐蚀性(pH)与浸出毒性危险特性,且化学热洗+超声组合工艺处理后产生污泥中的含水率、含油率、pH值及重金属含量均满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB 4294-1984)、《油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准》(DB 23/T1413-2010)、《含油污泥处置利用控制限制》(DB 61/T 1025-2016)标准中的限值要求,为后续综合利用提供保障,由上述结果可以得出,化学热洗+超声组合工艺处理含油污泥效果较好,技术可行,在实现含油污泥资源化的同时达到了无害化处理。
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is one of the key pollutants produced in the process of production and operation in the petrochemical industry. It has high value of oil recovery. Its composition is extremely complex and its volume is huge. If a large amount of accumulation is not treated, it will not only occupy a large area of land and reduce the effective use value of land, but also contain a large number of toxic and harmful substances. The eco-environment and economic development of oil and gas fields have caused serious impacts, so the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of oily sludge have become the focus of petrochemical research at home and abroad. Each treatment method and process has its own limitations, so it is very important to choose the economic and technological feasible treatment method and process for oily sludge with different properties and components. The optimum technological conditions of sludge and the combination of the two methods were studied. The effects of chemical hot washing, ultrasonic treatment and chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were compared. The dangerous characteristics of sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were identified. The feasibility of chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment was preliminarily explored. The main results are as follows: (1) The effects of chemical dosage, hot washing temperature, solid-liquid ratio, hot washing time, stirring strength, pH value and hot washing order on the oil removal efficiency of oily sludge by chemical hot washing were studied, and the optimum technological conditions for oily sludge treatment by chemical hot washing were determined. HP-003 (sodium silicate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, flat plus O-20 in the ratio of 2:2:1) was added at 1.0 g/L. The hot washing temperature was set at 75 C, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:6, the hot washing time was 40 min, the stirring strength was 150 r/min, the pH value was 8,1 class hot washing, and the oil-bearing sludge was treated by chemical hot washing under the optimum conditions. The oil removal rate could reach 86.7%. (2) Experimental study. The influence of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, temperature and ultrasonic time on the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was studied. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 340W, ultrasonic frequency 28kHz, temperature 60 C, ultrasonic time 15min. Under these conditions, the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was determined. (3) Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of petroleum from oily sludge can reach 99.4%, the oil content of treated sludge is less than 2%, and the dewatering rate of sludge is as high as 94.8%. The combined method is obviously better than the chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment. The optimum dosage of chemical reagent was 0.3g/L. Compared with the chemical reagent dosage of 1.0g/L, the chemical reagent dosage was greatly reduced. (4) The sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was decomposed. Corrosion (pH) and leaching toxicity were identified. The results showed that the treated sludge had no corrosive (pH) and leaching toxicity. The water content, oil content, pH value and heavy metal content in the sludge produced by the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic all met the control standard of pollutants in agricultural sludge (GB 4294-1984), < oil Pollution control standard for oily sludge comprehensive utilization > (DB 23/T1413-2010), < Limitation of oily sludge disposal and utilization control > (DB 61/T 1025-2016) provides a guarantee for the subsequent comprehensive utilization. From the above results, it can be concluded that the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge has a better effect and is technically feasible. At the same time, the sludge has been treated harmlessly.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X741

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