阳离子絮凝剂的合成及微砂强化絮凝技术处理油田污水

发布时间：2018-09-13 11:39

【摘要】：针对油田开采等作业过程中产生的油田污水数量巨大,污染严重等特点,本文介绍了油田污水各指标的实验室分析测试方法,并通过此方法分析了延长油田的3个污水处理站来水口处水样。利用两种非离子型乳化剂、白油、单体水溶液和醇配制了反相微乳液,并通过反相微乳聚合手段,以AM和DMDAAC为单体合成了絮凝剂,考察了引发剂类型和加量、反应温度及时间对聚合物的分子量的影响规律,找出了最佳的合成工艺。使用延长油田永宁采油厂永宁站的污水,以絮体大小,浊度和COD去除率为评价指标,对反相微乳液法合成的阳离子絮凝剂进行性能评价。实验结果表明反相微乳液工艺合成的阳离子絮凝剂比常规的絮凝剂性能较优。文章使用合成的絮凝剂,利用微砂强化絮凝工艺来提升絮凝效果。通过正交试验对影响絮凝程度的因素进行了排名。实验结果表明:影响絮凝程度的主要因素排名依次是絮凝剂加量,微砂粒径,微砂加量,p H。本文最后利用单因素分析法依次分析各个因素对絮凝效果的影响规律并确定了最佳的微砂强化絮凝工艺,实验表明使用最佳工艺处理后污水悬浮固体含量和悬浮物颗粒直径中值都均已达到回注标准。
[Abstract]:In view of the large quantity and serious pollution of oilfield sewage produced in the process of oilfield exploitation, this paper introduces the laboratory analysis and test method of each index of oilfield sewage. Through this method, the water samples at the inlets of three sewage treatment stations in Yanchang Oilfield are analyzed. Reverse microemulsion was prepared by using two Nonionic emulsifiers, white oil, monomer aqueous solution and alcohol. The flocculant was synthesized with AM and DMDAAC as monomers by reverse microemulsion polymerization. The type and amount of initiator were investigated. The effect of reaction temperature and time on the molecular weight of polymer was studied. The performance of cationic flocculant synthesized by reverse microemulsion method was evaluated by using wastewater from Yongning station of Yanchang Oilfield Yongning Oil production Plant. The flocs size turbidity and COD removal rate were taken as evaluation indexes. The experimental results show that the cationic flocculant synthesized by reverse microemulsion is superior to the conventional flocculant. In this paper, the synthetic flocculant is used to enhance the flocculation effect. The factors influencing flocculation degree were ranked by orthogonal test. The experimental results show that the main factors affecting flocculation degree are flocculant dosage, particle size of micro-sand and the amount of micro-sand. In the end, single factor analysis method was used to analyze the influence of each factor on flocculation effect and the best flocculation process was determined. The experimental results show that both the suspended solids content and the median diameter of suspended solids have reached the standard of reinjection.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X741;TQ317

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