辽河油田抽油机选型及运行参数优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 08:49

【摘要】：中国石油机械采油井共计17.2万余口,其中抽油机井15万余口,仅辽河油田就有抽油机井4.5万余口,占机采井总数的77%,年耗电约36亿千瓦时,占油田生产总耗电量的四分之一以上,抽油机井节能意义重大。辽河油田普遍存在抽油机选型不合理、载荷利用率低、大马拉小车的问题,抽油机井载荷利用率多在70%以下,初期投资浪费、能耗增加严重。本文首先研究了异相型抽油机、双驴头抽油机、下偏杠铃抽油机和塔架式抽油机的悬点运动规律,并建立了不同类型抽油机悬点载荷随位移变化关系的计算模型。通过分析抽油机悬点载荷的主要影响因素,提出了分别针对水驱、聚驱、三元复合驱和低渗透油田的最大、最小载荷计算经验公式。其次,根据抽油机结构参数,计算得出抽油机扭矩因子,并依据实测示功图得到负载扭矩,通过平衡方式计算平衡扭矩;考虑平衡状况和传动效率,建立不同类型抽油机扭矩计算模型,可准确模拟曲柄轴净扭矩随曲柄转角变化规律。再者,通过统计现场抽油机破坏情况,分析抽油机破坏概率与载荷利用率和使用时间的关系,建立求解破坏概率的模型,同时考虑抽油机的经济寿命,综合得到抽油机的合理载荷利用率以及抽油机的合理扭矩利用率,最终通过分析抽油机的节能原理,建立了抽油机优选原则。然后,讨论抽油机运行参数与效率的内在关系,开展抽油机运行参数优化方法研究,形成了多目标的抽油机运行参数优化策略,能够分别以效率、能耗、投资和安全为目标优化运行参数,进而保证合理选择生产参数,并进一步分析不同类型抽油机在不同工况条件下的节能状况,总结出各种抽油机的适应条件与范围。最终,详细综述典型电动机机械特性以及工作特性,提出以光杆负载率法为理论的电动机与抽油机理匹配措施,并以现场油井为案例,合理计算得出电机匹配功率,有效解决了存在大马拉小车问题。
[Abstract]:The total number of CNPC mechanical production wells is more than 172000, of which more than 150000 are oil pumping wells, more than 45000 pumping wells in Liaohe Oilfield alone, accounting for 77 percent of the total number of mechanical wells produced, and the annual power consumption is about 3.6 billion kilowatt-hours. It accounts for more than 1/4 of the total power consumption of the oil field, and the energy saving of pumping wells is of great significance. In Liaohe Oilfield, there are many problems such as unreasonable selection of pumping units, low load utilization ratio, and the problem of pulling cars in Dama. The load utilization ratio of pumping wells is less than 70%, the initial investment is wasteful, and the energy consumption is increased seriously. In this paper, the motion law of suspension point of heterogeneous pumping unit, double donkey head pumping unit, lower offset barbell pumping unit and tower pumping unit is studied, and the calculation model of different types of pumping unit suspension load with displacement is established in this paper. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the suspended load of the pumping unit, the empirical formulas for calculating the maximum and minimum loads of water flooding, polymer flooding, ASP flooding and low permeability oil fields are put forward respectively. Secondly, according to the structural parameters of the pumping unit, the torque factor of the pumping unit is calculated, and the load torque is obtained according to the measured indicator diagram, and the balance torque is calculated by the balance method, and the balance condition and transmission efficiency are considered. The calculation model of different types of pumping unit torque can be established to accurately simulate the variation of the net torque of crank shaft with the angle of crank rotation. Furthermore, by analyzing the relationship between the damage probability of pumping unit and the load utilization ratio and service time, a model to solve the damage probability is established, and the economic life of the pumping unit is considered at the same time. The rational load utilization ratio and the rational torque utilization ratio of the pumping unit are obtained synthetically. Finally, by analyzing the energy saving principle of the pumping unit, the optimum selection principle of the pumping unit is established. Then, the internal relationship between the operating parameters and the efficiency of the pumping unit is discussed, and the optimization method of the operating parameters of the pumping unit is studied, and a multi-objective optimization strategy for the operating parameters of the pumping unit is formed, which can be used for efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. The operation parameters are optimized with the objective of investment and safety, so as to ensure the reasonable selection of production parameters, and the energy saving conditions of different types of pumping units under different working conditions are further analyzed, and the adaptive conditions and scope of various pumping units are summarized. Finally, the mechanical characteristics and working characteristics of typical motors are summarized in detail, and the matching measures of motor and pumping unit are put forward based on the theory of bare rod load ratio, and the matching power of motor is calculated reasonably by taking the oil well in the field as an example. Effectively solve the problem of carts.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1

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