油井声传信号系统的设计分析与可行性研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 10:19

【摘要】：在油气生产过程中,人们需要实时获得井下信息来了解和控制井下设备的工作状态,无论在钻井、完井、采油、人工举升、压裂改造、注水还是油气井测试中,高效、实时、可靠的井下数据传输方式必不可少。目前所研究的传输方式中,声波传输以其成本低、可行性高等优点成为目前研究的主要对象。早期设计的声传信号系统利用钻杆壁作为信道,但钻杆的周期性结构使得某些频段的信号发生完全衰减,限制了系统的应用范围。随着技术的发展,大部分油田已采用连续油管进行采油,这就使得利用连续介质进行信号传输成为了可能。因此,本文以连续油管为研究对象,对油管中的声传特性进行了研究,并设计了声波信号接收装置,以此为基础开发新型的声波信号传输系统。本文主要研究内容有:(1)基于Donnell方程,研究油管壁中的声传播特性。分析声波在管壁中的传播模式,并推算固液耦合条件下,管壁在激励作用下的振动方程,进而求得油管的共振频率。研究声波衰减特性,并有针对性的计算主要衰减模式的计算公式。(2)基于第一部分声传播特性的理论研究,利用有限元分析软件COMSOL模拟油管壁中的声传播情况。设定合理的边界条件,得到不同声源激励下的油管声传播图,通过对比有焊缝和无焊缝情况下的压力云图,研究焊缝对声波传输的影响。得到数据后,利用MATLAB进行相关的延伸计算。(3)基于有限元模拟数据,设计声波接收装置。介绍了赫姆霍兹共振器和光纤传感器的基本情况,利用电声类比的方法计算了赫姆霍兹共振器不同尺寸参数对共振频率的影响,计算了特定频率下的放大器尺寸,并利用COMSOL进行模拟验证。
[Abstract]:In the process of oil and gas production, people need to obtain downhole information in real time to understand and control the working state of downhole equipment, whether in drilling, completion, oil recovery, manual lifting, fracturing, water injection or oil and gas well testing, high efficiency and real time. Reliable downhole data transmission is essential. Among the transmission methods studied at present, acoustic wave transmission has become the main research object because of its low cost and high feasibility. The early design of the acoustic signal system uses the drill pipe wall as the channel, but the periodic structure of the drill pipe causes the complete attenuation of the signal in some frequency bands, which limits the application scope of the system. With the development of technology, most oilfields have adopted continuous tubing for oil production, which makes it possible to use continuous medium for signal transmission. Therefore, in this paper, the acoustic transmission characteristics in the tubing are studied, and the acoustic signal receiving device is designed, based on which a new acoustic signal transmission system is developed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the Donnell equation, the acoustic propagation characteristics in the oil pipe wall are studied. The propagation mode of acoustic wave in the pipe wall is analyzed, and the vibration equation of the pipe wall under the condition of solid-liquid coupling is calculated, and the resonance frequency of the tubing is obtained. The attenuation characteristics of acoustic waves are studied and the formulas for calculating the main attenuation modes are given. (2) based on the theoretical study of the first part of the acoustic propagation, the finite element analysis software COMSOL is used to simulate the sound propagation in the oil pipe wall. By setting reasonable boundary conditions, the acoustic propagation diagram of tubing excited by different sound sources is obtained. The influence of weld on acoustic wave transmission is studied by comparing the pressure cloud diagram with and without weld seam. After getting the data, the MATLAB is used to carry on the related extension calculation. (3) based on the finite element simulation data, the acoustic wave receiving device is designed. This paper introduces the basic situation of Hem Hortz resonator and fiber optic sensor, calculates the influence of different dimensions parameters of Hem Hortz resonator on resonance frequency by the method of electro-acoustic analogy, and calculates the size of amplifier at specific frequency. COMSOL is used to simulate and verify.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE931.2

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